Uh, thanks for the quotes, Walloon, but what’s your point? Nobody’s arguing with the fact that “Negro” used to be the polite term for black people. What years are those quotes from, anyway? (Well, I can take a guess as to the last possible years the MLK quotes and Malcolm X quotes are from. ) Remeber, the NAACP is the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. What year was it founded? 1912 or thereabouts? I can assure you that W.E.B. DuBois et. al. weren’t being ironic when they chose the name. Things change.
The reasons for “Negro” going out of date can be found in any basic American History textbook.
Certain factions within the Civil Rights Movement became increasingly militant throughout the 1960s. By the late '60s, the more militant groups like the Black Panthers were dominating the discourse. The late '60s in general were a time when huge societal changes were taking place, and old beliefs and ideas were being challenged, so a lot of what the more militant civil rights groups were calling for were adopted, at least to some extent. Some examples would be the “black is beautiful” thing, which said that black Americans shouldn’t try to conform to white standards of beauty, and the renewed interest in African history and culture. And a big part of what these groups did is discard the term “Negro,” and replace it with “Black.” Black had always been used as a descriptor for people of African heritage, but it had been considered less polite than “Negro” or other terms.
I’m sure that someone who actually lived through it could describe this much better than I, but it was kind of like they were throwing off the old language along with the old ideas and expectations. A “Negro” was a person who lived in a world where he had no power because he had sub-Saharan African heritage. A “black person” is just a person with sub-Saharan African heritage.
And that’s why, as An Arky notes, we may refer to “a Negro spiritual,” because those songs are associated with slavery times. We wouldn’t refer to Rev. Al Sharpton as “a Negro spiritual,” however.
In the end, GorillaMan has it right–It is a term with “deep-rooted unpleasant and divisive associations,” so it absolutely shouldn’t be used to refer to present-day blacks. I’d imagine that most black people would find it more odd than offensive. But I’d also imagine that black people would be wary of someone under the age of 90 who used that word. Hell, I’d be wary, and I’m not even black.