Well, in Neoplatonism every human soul - well everything at all, really - is an “emanation” or aspect of the One, which is the only thing that really exists, but is beyond description or comprehension. You also have something similar in Germanic idealist philosophy, such as that of Hegel (and neo-Hegelians such as Bradley and Collingwood), which is, to a large extent, a sort of historicized version of neoplatonism. I don’t know if that is quite the same as what you are getting at, however.
What you say is also reminiscent of Richard Feynman’s (or rather, IIRC, his teacher’s) idea that all electrons might really be the same electron traveling in space and time, like Dr Who, and constantly crossing through the present moment in different places and different directions. Feynman rejects the idea, however.