Even if there was no existing cellular network you could bring back a computer along with some custom hardware and antennas, allowing you to set up your own small cell phone network that plugs directly into a regular phone jack.
I’m not sure if anything like this exists commercially or industrially, but it wouldn’t be too hard for a knowledgeable engineer with a decent budget to cobble something together.
Just to fight a little ignorance, cellular phones do not communicate with satellites in any way.
I’m not sure whether you would need a computer. It would need a very sensitive transceiver and a modem, probably of a kind that would have to be made to order. The transceiver would probably be of a sensitivity and on frequencies only in use for space communication and it would not have much of a range.