Bad ants probably start out as tru-ants, then they move up to being miscre-ants or even assail-ants
The ones that get drunk and urinate in public are just pissants.
Here is one article. It’s a bit light on experimentation but it does suggest they value fairness.
If you’d taken one of those chemistry classes, you probably would have gone with “formic acid”. Which is, literally, antacid.
Eventually, they end up as defend-ants.
Fascinating stuff.
I too am curious about what happens to ants who do not properly fulfill their functions. I don’t envision a justice system. But I could see a simple 'that ant is not functioning properly. Let us kill it."
The videogame Entomorph- Plague Of The Darkfall has a segment that takes place in a giant ant nest. The game calls them Thalids. Minor Spoiler- With the Orb Of Disclosure you can see the pheromone trails. With a bag of regular ants you can enter the nest and get sprayed in a pheromone room so that you remain safe as long as you stay on the corresponding trail. Warrior Thalids do indeed attack you if you are (for example) scented as feeder ant and on the nursery trail.
After the second film or so, Dark Horse Comics got the Alien license. Rather than just producing one story, they made dozens of stories set in the same universe. One series, Alien- Hive, has a cyberneticist using a droid Alien to infiltrate a hive and steal royal jelly ( valuable as a street drug, and as a kind of super steroid). He had previously worked with an android ant infiltrating an ants’ nest. Disfainful of the scientific establishment, he published his findings as a children’s book entitled Cyber-Antics. I have a copy and it’s great stuff.
Some of the few good moments in the film Mimic involve using scent glands from a dead giant roach to make the other roaches think that the trapped humans are also giant roaches. One human successfully tricks them by copying their clicking communication.
Oh and finally, LeGuinn addresses the issue of ant crime in The Author Of The Ecacia Seeds. A rebel ant leaves a message reading in part “Eat the eggs! Up With the Queen!” on the seeds. They are found and read by a human entomologist.
Antacid… I see what you did there.
Ants sucking at a drop of syrup *are *taking it home. That’s how insects transport liquid food: in their gut.
That’s what they WANT you to believe!
Some even act as reservoirs.
Oh, yeah, I forgot that one.
Great writer. I used to love her stuff so. I can’t get my kids to try her. 
Wow, never heard of that. If they’re not actually eaten by their fellow ants, does it kill them, or do they live shorter lives, because of their prodigious consumption?
They aren’t eaten. They regurgitate food for other colony members.
Thanks. Do they live shorter lives, because of their prodigious consumption?
I don’t know. If I had to guess, I would suspect they lived longer because they weren’t working or at risk of being eaten or injured outside the nest. And note that they aren’t actually consuming the nectar. They are merely storing it in a second stomach from which it can be regurgitated when needed. Most ants have two stomachs, one to digest their own food, the second to store and regurgitate food for the colony. In honeypot ants the second stomach becomes enormously expanded.