The academic degree: STB from a different pontifical university.
The priest can’t. No penance may be given which forces the penitent to reveal their sin to others. The priest may recommend coming clean to any crimes. And in cases of theft, the penitent is to make restitution, which is either giving back what they stole or a financial equivalent. If giving back would expose them, they can give an equivalent donation to the poor. Restitution is to make sure no one profits from theft by thinking they can just keep what they stole and clear the case with God through confession. It’s also just.
They can… but need to be very very careful. There can be no clues at all as to who did what. Obviously, when priests learn “how to do confessions”, their priest-instructor gives them a lot of case studies, many from personal experience. But names and places are all sanitized for the protection of the penitent.