Man arrested in connection with ignoring "bag checker" at Circuit City

[QUOTE=cosmosdan]
Incorrect analogy. Was the guy standing in front of his car and refusing to move detaining him also? Could he have announced, “We’re driving away now. If you don’t move you may be injured. If my car is damaged you’ll pay for it.” and moved forward slowly? It’s weird hairsplitting stuff but that’'s the legal call sometimes. I’ve admitted I don’t know. Anything else?
Why do we need to do that? There are other interesting aspects.
[/QUOTE]

I don’t think the analogy is faulty. Just as the store was in the wrong to detain Rigi, Rigi would probably have been wrong to hit the employee.

My understanding of the law is that there are very specific circumstances when you’re allowed to defend yourself by harming someone else (as Rigi would have done had he driven forward and the employee didn’t move). this wasn’t one of them, AFAIK. Rigi’s (appropriate) response was not to take action on his own, but to call the police, and to sue the store.

I simply don’t understand how you can justify him taking physical action. That would make him wrong. He had a right to leave, but not to hurt anyone in doing so. If he was being restrained, Rigi should and did call the police. That’s what I would have done.

I agree that there are other interesting parts. I see lots of them as already resolved (is anyone now arguing Rigi wasn’t a jerk?)

And maybe you don’t have to, but I thought the question we were asking in this thread was 1) who was in the right, legally, 2) how do you force people to submit to bag checks in a legal way. I enjoy responding to anything you post, but hope we resolve those questions, too.

[QUOTE=Bearflag70]
Generally speaking, yes. Preventing a person from moving freely, as that person desires to move, is detention.
[/QUOTE]

That’s the strange technicality I’m talking about. He did not *prevent *Righi or his Dad from actually driving away. He prevented him form closing the door. I’m not sure how that will be viewed by a judge.

[QUOTE=Dinsdale]
Just to clarify my personal position, I disagree with a sizeable line of recent S.Ct. decisions as to what are reasonable stops and searches.
-Permitting the detention of a vehicle stopped for a traffic violation in order to get a drugsniffing dog.
-Generously interpreting as “voluntary” permission granted to a uniformed officer in various conditions.
-Upholding DUI arrests following without cause traffic stop to obtain info concerning unrelated crimes.
-The list goes on.
I readily acknowledge, however, that the S.Ct. decisions represent the current state of the law.

And I personally disfavor the vast majority of what I consider “security theater” whether in airports, public buildings, etc.

However, this background contributes to my baseline opposition to what I perceive as additional privacy intrusions - however small.

Just wanted to let you know exactly what kind of a nut you were dealing with here! :smiley:
[/QUOTE]

Well, I seem to be a similar kind of nut (as you see, I’m not in favor of extending the right to search by anyone–and again tangentially, I think police should if anything be held to a higher standard (as they seem to be, with the constitutional restrictions). And I agree that Search/seizure is a fascinating topic.

this is fun!

[QUOTE=cosmosdan]
That’s the strange technicality I’m talking about. He did not *prevent *Righi or his Dad from actually driving away. He prevented him form closing the door. I’m not sure how that will be viewed by a judge.
[/QUOTE]

I’ve bricked up the door and first floor of your house. If you want to, you can jump out of the second-story window. It’s unsafe and dangerous, but you can still do it. Assuming that it’s in principle unsafe to drive with a door open (I was always taught that way), I don’t see how the store can claim they weren’t detaining rigi if he could only leave at unnecessary risk to his own safety.

For that matter, Rigi could have wandered out of the car, and had the freedom of… the circuit city parking lot. But that’s not where he wanted to go, and he was detained.

[QUOTE=whorfin]
One of the reasons this offends me is that bag checking is really not meant to protect against shoplifters. It’s meant to protect against crooked employees.
[/quote]

Okay, why don’t you explain what the difference is?

Both involve a customer deliberately walking out the door with a product he didn’t pay for. In one circumstance he colludes with an employee who de-magnetizes the security strip; in the other he works alone (presumably where there are no security strips).

Why isn’t this technically “shoplifting?”

[QUOTE=Fish]
Okay, why don’t you explain what the difference is?

Both involve a customer deliberately walking out the door with a product he didn’t pay for. In one circumstance he colludes with an employee who de-magnetizes the security strip; in the other he works alone (presumably where there are no security strips).

Why isn’t this technically “shoplifting?”
[/QUOTE]

See my above post. you hand cashier #1 your memory card. You give him $100. He rings up a stick of gum on the register. He gives you the card and a receipt. He puts $99.65 in his pocket. You have no idea what he did, never saw him before in your life.

[QUOTE=whorfin]

First of all, remember that this policy is as much to deter misconduct of sales clerks as customers. So maybe a clerk ringing up a $100 camera for $1 and pocketing $99 would be caught, because the customer isn’t a part of the scheme.
[/quote]

I seriously doubt this “scheme” is happening. I doubt a cashier could pull this off even once without a customer coming back and complaining that her $100 purchase came with a $1 receipt.

[QUOTE=whorfin]

Secondly, (I thought) that many thieves steal things to return them (as they really want money); I also believe that most of your ability to return non-defective goods is due to store policy, not law.

Hence, if a store only accepted returns if the reciept was checked, it would discourage people stealing the things (say taking three and buying one, so they had a reciept) only to return them and get money
[/quote]

I don’t think that’s correct. Thieves are stealing items because they want them or want to sell them. If they are stealing so that they can return them with another receipt, then that’s the receipt that will have the check mark on it. I’m not following your logic.

[QUOTE=whorfin]

Finally, however, I don’t think your points are particularly convincing.

a) means that the store relies on deceit to make this policy work. It might be true that this is why it works, but it does nothing to give the store a legal right to the checks. It’s simply not a strong legal argument to rely on fraud.
[/quote]

You’re making a straw man argument here. I never implied that the store has a legal right to force others to submit to a check. I gave reasons why I believe these stores have these checks and why I believe they may be successful in deterring crime.

[QUOTE=whorfin]

b) Again, if the store has no right to stop someone, THEY ARE IN THE WRONG IF THEY DO. A store will probably be liable to a shoplifter if they beat them up with no cause (even if the guy was in fact guilty of shoplifting).
[/quote]

Again, I never said that store has “right to stop someone”. I said fear of being stopped because one may walk past a bag checker may deter crime. That’s one of the three reasons I believe a store may have bag checkers.

[QUOTE=whorfin]

c) doesn’t rely at all on the security being there for a reciept check. They might even be more effective if they weren’t spending their time checking receipts, but instead watching people. This point is true, but has nothing at all to do with the receipt check. It applies if the security is there to greet people, or manage carts, or just to, well, provide security.
[/quote]

Some kid is thinking about stealing something and sees a security guard checking bags/receipts at the door. I think it may be enough to change that kid’s mind. Maybe you think the guard’s time can be used more efficiently. I really don’t care. I gave reasons why a store might have bag checkers; I’m not justifying that these policies are the most efficient methods. My purpose of giving you the reasons was to show you that a bonus for customers getting their bag/receipt checked won’t work.

[QUOTE=whorfin]

and my response: the bonus might be a special membership/discount card. Say, pay 95% of price if you agree to have your reciept checked (adjust the level to the average amount of money the store saves through such checks, per shopper).
[/quote]

And once again, by advertising this is a bonus for voluntarily having your bag checked, the store is also advertising that their receipt checking is voluntary, causing many more than before to walk past checkers and making thieves feel more at ease following right behind. It’s a lose/lose for the store.

[QUOTE=whorfin]

Finally, as noted, I’m trying to show how the store could legitimate the checks (and perhaps encourage people to use them). It’s not my problem if the checks, if done consistently with the law, aren’t effective.
[/quote]

Well, yeah, it is your problem if the checks aren’t effective because you’re the one who just came up with this system. If it’s not effective, why even bring it up as some sort of alternative?

[QUOTE=whorfin]

That doesn’t mean the store has a right to break the law to make them effective.
[/quote]

Voluntary checks aren’t against the law. If you’re implying that I said store’s have a right to break the law, cite where I said that.

[QUOTE=whorfin]

First of all, as seen with my bolding in your quote, if the employees need to “come up with a story” to have a case, well, that’s called perjury. It’s a crime, and saying that that’s necessary to win their case makes my point that they have no legal case.
[/quote]

They may not have a case unless they lie. What’s your point? Did I say something to make you think I would disagree with that remark? They may also have a case without lying as we haven’t heard both sides of the story.

[QUOTE=whorfin]

Secondly, as noted endlessly above, refusing to do something you don’t have to do is NOT and NEVER IS probable cause. other, more expert posters have listed what a store detective does have to see to have probable cause to suspect shoplifting. Rigi did not create probable cause by refusing to do something that he had no obligation to do.
[/quote]

And as I have noted endlessly above, I tend to agree with that. Although I’m not convinced a judge/jury will.

[QUOTE=whorfin]

Similarly, if the store had other reasons to suspect Rigi, they’d have probable cause. They don’t then need his consent to detain him till the cops arrive. (and even then, as noted above, they’re still in the wrong. Under the law cited, the store doesn’t appear to have a right to detain him EXCEPT to hold him till the police arrive. the store never called the police–even if they did have probable cause, they weren’t doing what they had a right to do under the law). And that’s why Rigi seems likely to win.
[/quote]

At what point were two employees in the parking lot supposed to have called the police? They haven’t yet successfully detained him. We also don’t know if employees in the store aware of what was going on didn’t call the police. I’m betting they did.

[QUOTE=whorfin]

Also, as noted in post #163 (by E-sabbath, who appears to be far more knowledgable than I am about such things), to have probable cause, a store generally needs:

  1. You must see the shoplifter approach your merchandise
  2. You must see the shoplifter select your merchandise
  3. You must see the shoplifter conceal, carry away or convert your merchandise
  4. You must maintain continuous observation the shoplifter
  5. You must see the shoplifter fail to pay for the merchandise
  6. You must approach the shoplifter outside of the store

I think it’s pretty clear they didn’t have these six things. If being “nervous” or a “twitch of the arm” is enough, well, I’ll get searched pretty often as I walk out of stores. I don’t myself think that that’s enough to create probable cause. I’ve cited something suggesting that the standard is higher. Care to respond with your own authority?
[/QUOTE]

Did you miss post #176?:

[QUOTE=x-ray vision]

Those aren’t rules or laws that establish probable cause. That’s an article that seems to be an opinion on what guidelines a merchant should follow to prevent false arrest claims being made against him.
[/quote]

So no, a store doesn’t generally need those six things. Those are opinions on what guidelines a merchant may want to follow to help keep him from having claims made against him and is not specific to Ohio or what guidelines a judge/jury must follow to find probable cause.

[QUOTE=whorfin]
And I agree that Search/seizure is a fascinating topic.
this is fun!
[/QUOTE]

Oh no, I never meant to suggest that I consider search and seizure law - or just about any other aspect of law - fascinating. Especially not the labor law brief I’m strenuously avoiding completing today! :stuck_out_tongue:

Just wanted to chime in on the “deterent” argument.

Again, from my 20 + years in electronic security, I can give you one of two things: The sales pitch statistics or the real statistics. Lets go with the real ones.

Fact is, despite spending tons of money on security guards, bag checkers, cameras, anti theft devices, etc., crime, specifically shop lifting, remains astoundingly consistant across the board. It is one of the most puzzling things we ever deal. No matter if a store spends millions nation wide, that does not reflect any real drop in shop lifting. (Altough we have some nifty stats prepared for them). The only truth we have ever really garnered is this, (and we rarely tell anyone, it’s bad for business) Your customers treat you in proportion to how you treat them. The only real stats that show any appreciable drop in shoplifting are correlated with customer satifaction ratings. Those are realy the only numbers that consistantly match up.

[QUOTE=whorfin]
I don’t think the analogy is faulty. Just as the store was in the wrong to detain Rigi, Rigi would probably have been wrong to hit the employee.

My understanding of the law is that there are very specific circumstances when you’re allowed to defend yourself by harming someone else (as Rigi would have done had he driven forward and the employee didn’t move). this wasn’t one of them, AFAIK. Rigi’s (appropriate) response was not to take action on his own, but to call the police, and to sue the store.

I simply don’t understand how you can justify him taking physical action. That would make him wrong. He had a right to leave, but not to hurt anyone in doing so. If he was being restrained, Rigi should and did call the police. That’s what I would have done.
[/QUOTE]
IANAL either but my understanding is that you don’t have to wait to be physically touched to defend yourself.
If someone deliberately or accidentally jumps in front of my car while I’m driving down the road I’m not at fault as long as I’m obeying the traffic laws. If Righi is correct and they have no right to detain him then he is free to leave. If he warns them that he’s doing so and drives forward slowly then I doubt they would be injured. There’s not much chance they would risk bodily injury and I doubt he would be responsible if he ran over someone’s foot.

I’m not suggesting that was the best course of action. I’m only questioning whether the managers action are technically unlawful detention since, technically, I think he could have safely driven away. Of course I could be way off and a judge might show me that is the case.

to answer

  1. I tend to think Righi was more legally correct based on what info I have. There’s still a question as to how a judge will see it IMO.
  2. The only way I can see for now is a membership type store with that written in the agreement.
    Perhaps having several signs posted stating that you check packages for security reasons is enough. Then customers can decide to shop there or not. Having the signs obviously posted might also mean that refusing the bag check is now probable cause. I’m not sure. I just don’t know all the legalities involved.
    I do think that loss prevention is also an issue that very obviously affects honest customers so through communication we might find which inconvenience customers prefer. None isn’t a realistic option IMO.

Somewhat related, we have our return policy posted and available to all customers. Most customers don’t ask and don’t read it so it only becomes an issue when someone has a problem with it while making a return.

A lot of the interaction between consumer and merchant is about where the lines of responsibility are drawn.

[QUOTE=whorfin]
I’ve bricked up the door and first floor of your house. If you want to, you can jump out of the second-story window. It’s unsafe and dangerous, but you can still do it. Assuming that it’s in principle unsafe to drive with a door open (I was always taught that way), I don’t see how the store can claim they weren’t detaining rigi if he could only leave at unnecessary risk to his own safety.

For that matter, Rigi could have wandered out of the car, and had the freedom of… the circuit city parking lot. But that’s not where he wanted to go, and he was detained.
[/QUOTE]

I understand that you don’t agree. No further analogies are necessary. I’m not sure that a judge will see driving forward slowly with the door open as a real risk to Righi. We’ll see.

The “asshole” factor may sneak in as part of the damages analysis. The court may find CC liable for $1.

[QUOTE=Iknewit]
Just wanted to chime in on the “deterent” argument.

Again, from my 20 + years in electronic security, I can give you one of two things: The sales pitch statistics or the real statistics. Lets go with the real ones.

Fact is, despite spending tons of money on security guards, bag checkers, cameras, anti theft devices, etc., crime, specifically shop lifting, remains astoundingly consistant across the board. It is one of the most puzzling things we ever deal. No matter if a store spends millions nation wide, that does not reflect any real drop in shop lifting. (Altough we have some nifty stats prepared for them). The only truth we have ever really garnered is this, (and we rarely tell anyone, it’s bad for business) Your customers treat you in proportion to how you treat them. The only real stats that show any appreciable drop in shoplifting are correlated with customer satifaction ratings. Those are realy the only numbers that consistantly match up.
[/QUOTE]

I find this very interesting. I just read a story about a guy who established a McDonalds franchise in a bad neighborhood. At first he had all kinds of vandalism and theft issues. His solution was to become more involved in the actual community rather than just the business. He used the restaurant not only to make some money for himself but went out of his way to help educate his employees how to rise above the problems in their neighborhood.

Staff and attitude has a lot to do with it. A good crew will help management deter shoplifters if they respect the managers and the business.
That’s getting harder in the large retail box stores because their employees are more and more part time and short term.

[QUOTE=Bearflag70]
The “asshole” factor may sneak in as part of the damages analysis. The court may find CC liable for $1.
[/QUOTE]

That pretty much sums up what I’m thinking. I hope we find out what happens

[QUOTE=cosmosdan]
I hope we find out what happens
[/QUOTE]

Me too. It would really suck if after all this we don’t hear about any further developments or if Righi decides to not take any action against CC.

[QUOTE=cosmosdan]
I find this very interesting. I just read a story about a guy who established a McDonalds franchise in a bad neighborhood. At first he had all kinds of vandalism and theft issues. His solution was to become more involved in the actual community rather than just the business. He used the restaurant not only to make some money for himself but went out of his way to help educate his employees how to rise above the problems in their neighborhood.

Staff and attitude has a lot to do with it. A good crew will help management deter shoplifters if they respect the managers and the business.
That’s getting harder in the large retail box stores because their employees are more and more part time and short term.
[/QUOTE]

You are on the right track. The only numbers we have (besides the stats that are skewed, and I know they’re skewed cause I helped skew them) relate exactly this. Stores with the least restrictive return and exchange policies show a drastic drop in shoplifting. If you ever thought Wal Mart must be crazy for having such permissive return policies, think again: It is loss prevention.

[QUOTE=Iknewit]
You are on the right track. The only numbers we have (besides the stats that are skewed, and I know they’re skewed cause I helped skew them) relate exactly this. Stores with the least restrictive return and exchange policies show a drastic drop in shoplifting. If you ever thought Wal Mart must be crazy for having such permissive return policies, think again: It is loss prevention.
[/QUOTE]

[hijack] But retailers are getting more restrictive with camera returns to stop people from buying expensive cameras and camcorders only to use while on vacation, then returning them. [/hijack]

[QUOTE=Bearflag70]
The “asshole” factor may sneak in as part of the damages analysis. The court may find CC liable for $1.
[/QUOTE]

Now that’s true.

[QUOTE=cosmosdan]
IANAL either but my understanding is that you don’t have to wait to be physically touched to defend yourself.
If someone deliberately or accidentally jumps in front of my car while I’m driving down the road I’m not at fault as long as I’m obeying the traffic laws. If Righi is correct and they have no right to detain him then he is free to leave. If he warns them that he’s doing so and drives forward slowly then I doubt they would be injured. There’s not much chance they would risk bodily injury and I doubt he would be responsible if he ran over someone’s foot.

I’m not suggesting that was the best course of action. I’m only questioning whether the managers action are technically unlawful detention since, technically, I think he could have safely driven away. Of course I could be way off and a judge might show me that is the case.

to answer

  1. I tend to think Righi was more legally correct based on what info I have. There’s still a question as to how a judge will see it IMO.
  2. The only way I can see for now is a membership type store with that written in the agreement.
    Perhaps having several signs posted stating that you check packages for security reasons is enough. Then customers can decide to shop there or not. Having the signs obviously posted might also mean that refusing the bag check is now probable cause. I’m not sure. I just don’t know all the legalities involved.
    I do think that loss prevention is also an issue that very obviously affects honest customers so through communication we might find which inconvenience customers prefer. None isn’t a realistic option IMO.

Somewhat related, we have our return policy posted and available to all customers. Most customers don’t ask and don’t read it so it only becomes an issue when someone has a problem with it while making a return.

A lot of the interaction between consumer and merchant is about where the lines of responsibility are drawn.
[/QUOTE]

I think first of all, you are correct that you don’t have to wait to be hit before you hit someone. (that, after all, is the point of self defense-to stop bad things happening to you).

In those cases, however, there is imminent risk of physical harm. Which isn’t true here. Rigi suffered no harm he couldn’t fix in court, and (though IANAL), I think that the point of self defense is that it’s for cases where suing the guy later won’t be enough.

I don’t think there’s a risk of “great” harm by running over the manager’s foot (and relatedly, that it’s “very” dangerous to drive with the door open). I do think that Rigi, even wrongfully detained, doesn’t have a right to touch the manager if the manager doesn’t want to be touched (and hitting with a car, however gently, seems like a bad course of action to me, as the lawyers on the board have noted).

I think, in fact, we in essence agree. If Rigi could have left 1) without harming anyone else, 2) obeying the traffic laws, and 3) not increasing his risk, there’s no detention. If the guy stood in front, and Rigi could have backed up, he’s not detained. We just disagree as to whether he could have done so. I agree that could he have done so, there’s no detention. I don’t know enough about Ohio traffic laws, or what policemen there think is “safe operation” to hold more than a common-sense feeling that they wouldn’t like Rigi driving with the door open.

However, the manager’s intention was clearly to stop Rigi leaving. I think that’ll matter in court.

I think you’re exactly correct on 1) and 2). I’m not sure I agree about signs. I think at best, the signs will (as in costco), allow the store to throw the guy out or sue him, not actually search him (there are constitutional issues; I don’t think a court can generally order an individual to do something absent a law… they can order you to pay up if you don’t, but they can almost never order you to actually act, at least in a civil case