Bone:
Given these threads can be somewhat unwieldy, what was “[t]he caselaw cited above”?
"… various standards across jurisdictions are materially similar. Shodan posted it in #710 [from Vermont, which I’ll accept as whomever’s word as being average “standard” for this kind of fact pattern (please tell me it was this kinda fact pattern)]:
Quote:
To fall within the *emergency *exception to the Fourth Amendment search warrant requirement, the State needed to show that: (1) police had reasonable grounds to believe that there was an *emergency *at hand and [not “or”] that there was an *immediate *need for their assistance for the protection of life or property; (2) the search was not primarily motivated by intent to arrest and seize evidence; and (3) there was some reasonable basis, approximating probable cause, to associate the *emergency *with the place or area to be searched. State v. Mountford, 171 Vt. 487, 490 (2000).
“The police did have reasonable grounds to believe that there was immediate need for their assistance for the protection of property”
I believe that is the crux of the issue and the point at which people are talking past each other. You say “reasonable” suspicion, but the case law has started to catch up with reality, e.g., Crosby v. State, 970 A.2d 894, 408 Md. 490 (2009).
Even with neighbor’s assertion that only “white people” live in that home (gods forbid someone be visiting, housesitting or attending to X-Y-Z on behalf of them) and the fact that an (gasp!) unknown brown person was seen entering the home (and also presumably an assertion that none of the white folks were known to be at home at the time), this does not give rise to “emergency” situation. Again, I say if you want to believe X, then you lurk outside or wander around the house (and even that’s borderline) and attempt to contact the owners if you believe your suspicion is “reasonable”.
“Notice how probable cause is not included there?”
Yes, it kinda is, with the example you set out (Shodan’s).
A good many people (like me) who have friends and colleagues with not-white skin who’ve reason to be on our property or in our house would not appreciate police deciding they’re free to enter our homes (by force or by opening a door that they were not entitled to open) on the basis of some other person’s say-so to indicate it’s suspicious for a brown person to be in or on our property. A minority (I hope) of people take another view.
As I’ve said before, I find it difficult to wait for the day when the tables turn and it is the non-brown folk who will have to contend with this sort of nonsense on a routine basis. (No, it isn’t morally correct for someone to say “turnabout is fair play”, but …) It probably won’t be within my lifetime, but …