# New world ahead. No Fed. No IRS. **URL:** \ **Category:** Cecil's Columns/Staff Reports\ **Created:** [March 22, 2010, 6:00am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317 "2010-03-22T06:00:44Z")\ **Posts on this page:** 20\ **Page:** 1
**Author:** ![system](https://global.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/original/2X/e/e489c3b7d8fce19c4b355dd4fc3f88cc39c34b87.png) [@system](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/system)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 6:00am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/1 "2010-03-22T06:00:44Z")
First of all, nowhere does the Holy Bible say you win. You’re just kicking at the goads, my “jewish” friend. In prophecy, the LORD is not GUESSING! what MAY happen. He’s telling us what He SEES! And he does not see you, the synagogue of satan, winning. Jesus Christ will intervene at the battle of Armageddon, and you will be converted into ashes. What you need to do is get on your hands and knees, O Proud One, and ask Jesus Christ - THE ONLY MESSIAH THE WORLD WILL EVER KNOW! - to be your LORD and Savior. Then repent and begin spilling the beans on this conspiracy to destroy our Christ-ordained nation, America. If you think the pillaging of the American goyim (the 16th Amendment) is legal, read this article: [HOW SOME STATES DID NOT LEGALLY RATIFY THE 16TH AMENDMENT](http://www.givemeliberty.org/features/taxes/notratified.htm). It makes a far more convincing argument than any pro-income tax argument I’ve ever read. You NEED to begin doing the right thing. Time is short, these are the End Times. You’re very dishonest in “refuting” Benson’s contentions about the 16th Amendment. Here’s why: HOW SOME STATES DID NOT LEGALLY RATIFY THE 16TH AMENDMENT Bill Benson’s findings, published in “The Law That Never Was,” make a convincing case that the 16th amendment was not legally ratified and that Secretary of State Philander Knox was not merely in error, but committed fraud when he declared it ratified in February 1913. What follows is a summary of some of the major findings for many of the states, showing that their ratifications were not legal and should not have been counted. The 16th amendment had been sent out in 1909 to the state governors for ratification by the state legislatures after having been passed by Congress. There were 48 states at that time, and three-fourths, or 36, of them were required to give their approval in order for it to be ratified. The process took almost the whole term of the Taft administration, from 1909 to 1913. Knox had received responses from 42 states when he declared the 16th amendment ratified on February 25, 1913, just a few days before leaving office to make way for the administration of Woodrow Wilson. Knox acknowledged that four of those states (Utah, Conn, R.I. and N.H.) had rejected it, and he counted 38 states as having approved it. We will now examine some of the key evidence Bill Benson found regarding the approval of the amendment in many of those states. In Kentucky, the legislature acted on the amendment without even having received it from the governor (the governor of each state was to transmit the proposed amendment to the state legislature). The version of the amendment that the Kentucky legislature made up and acted upon omitted the words “on income” from the text, so they weren’t even voting on an income tax! When they straightened that out (with the help of the governor), the Kentucky senate rejected the amendment. Yet Philander Knox counted Kentucky as approving it! In Oklahoma, the legislature changed the wording of the amendment so that its meaning was virtually the opposite of what was intended by Congress, and this was the version they sent back to Knox. Yet Knox counted Oklahoma as approving it, despite a memo from his chief legal counsel, Reuben Clark, that states were not allowed to change it in any way. Attorneys who have studied the subject have agreed that Kentucky and Oklahoma should not have been counted as approvals by Philander Knox, and, moreover, if any state could be shown to have violated its own state constitution or laws in its approval process, then that state’s approval would have to be thrown out. That gets us past the “presumptive conclusion” argument, which says that the actions of an executive official cannot be judged by a court, and admits that Knox could be wrong. If we subtract Kentucky and Oklahoma from the 38 approvals above, the count of valid approvals falls to 36, the exact number needed for ratification. If any more states can be shown to have had invalid approvals, the 16th amendment must be regarded as null and void. The state constitution of Tennessee prohibited the state legislature from acting on any proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution sent by Congress until after the next election of state legislators. The intent, of course, is to give the proposed amendment a chance to become an issue in the state legislative elections so that the people can have a voice in determining the outcome. It also provides a cooling off period to reduce the tendency to approve an idea just because it happens to be the moment’s trend. You’ve probably already guessed that the Tennessee legislature did not hold off on voting for the amendment until after the next election, and you’d be right - they didn’t; hence, they acted upon it illegally before they were authorized to do so. They also violated their own state constitution by failing to read the resolution on three different days as prescribed by Article II, Section 18. These state constitutional violations make their approval of the amendment null and void. Their approval is and was invalid, and it brings the number of approving states down to 35, one less than required for ratification. Texas and Louisiana violated provisions in their state constitutions prohibiting the legislatures from empowering the federal government with any additional taxing authority. Now the number is down to 33. Twelve other states, besides Tennessee, violated provisions in their constitutions requiring that a bill be read on three different days before voting on it. This is not a trivial requirement. It allows for a cooling off period; it enables members who may be absent one day to be present on another; it allows for a better familiarity with, and understanding of, the measure under consideration, since some members may not always read a bill or resolution before voting on it (believe it or not!). States violating this procedure were: Mississippi, Ohio, Arkansas, Minnesota, New Mexico, West Virginia, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, North Dakota, Colorado, and Illinois. Now the number is reduced to 21 states legally ratifying the amendment. When Secretary Knox transmitted the proposed amendment to the states, official certified and sealed copies were sent. Likewise, when state results were returned to Knox, it was required that the documents, including the resolution that was actually approved, be properly certified, signed, and sealed by the appropriate official(s). This is no more than any ordinary citizen has to do in filing any legal document, so that it’s authenticity is assured; otherwise it is not acceptable and is meaningless. How much more important it is to authenticate a constitutional amendment! Yet a number of states did not do this, returning uncertified, unsigned, and/or unsealed copies, and did not rectify their negligence even after being reminded and warned by Knox. The most egregious offenders were Ohio, California, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Minnesota - which did not send any copy at all, so Knox could not have known what they even voted on! Since four of these states were already disqualified above, California is now subtracted from the list of valid approvals, reducing it to 20. These last five states, along with Kentucky and Oklahoma, have particularly strong implications with regard to the fraud charge against Knox, in that he cannot be excused for not knowing they shouldn’t have been counted. Why was he in such a hurry? Why did he not demand that they send proper documentation? They never did. Further review would make the list dwindle down much more, but with the number down to 20, sixteen fewer than required, this is a suitable place to rest, without getting into the matter of several states whose constitutions limited the taxing authority of their legislatures, which could not give to the federal govern authority they did not have. The results from the six states Knox had not heard from at the time he made his proclamation do not affect the conclusion that the amendment was not legally ratified. Of those six: two (Virginia and Pennsylvania) he never did hear from, because they ignored the proposed amendment; Florida rejected it; two others (Vermont and Massachusetts) had rejected it much earlier by recorded votes, but, strangely, submitted to the Secretary within a few days of his ratification proclamation that they had passed it (without recorded votes); West Virginia had purportedly approved it at the end of January 1913, but its notification had not yet been received (remember that West Virginia had violated its own constitution, as noted above). ---
**Author:** ![ivn1188](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/i/e480ec/32.png) [@ivn1188](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/ivn1188)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 6:11am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/2 "2010-03-22T06:11:05Z")
I look forward to reading this thread. ---
**Author:** ![Todderbob](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/t/e47774/32.png) [@Todderbob](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Todderbob)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 6:36am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/3 "2010-03-22T06:36:07Z")
> [@ivn1188](#): > > I look forward to reading this thread. I second this obviously correct statement. This thread shall be quite entertaining. Also, this dude obviously never heard of [Cyrus the Great](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great), who was a Messiah long before that Jesus dude didn’t fulfill the biblical requirements. Also, incase you were wondering – being son of God is nowhere in the list of requirements. ---
**Author:** ![ivn1188](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/i/e480ec/32.png) [@ivn1188](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/ivn1188)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 7:09am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/4 "2010-03-22T07:09:36Z")
By the way, here’s link to the column (or at least my best guess at it): [http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1115/is-u-s-income-tax-invalid-because-ohio-wasnt-legally-a-state-when-the-16th-amendment-was-ratified](http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1115/is-u-s-income-tax-invalid-because-ohio-wasnt-legally-a-state-when-the-16th-amendment-was-ratified) ---
**Author:** ![jbaker](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/j/59ef9b/32.png) [@jbaker](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/jbaker)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 3:31pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/5 "2010-03-22T15:31:20Z")
And how exactly does this line of argument affect the Fed? ---
**Author:** ![Little\_Nemo](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/little_nemo/32/3120_2.png) [@Little\_Nemo](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Little_Nemo)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 4:00pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/6 "2010-03-22T16:00:22Z")
Who’s the “jewish” friend he’s talking about? Does he think Cecil Adams is Jewish? ---
**Author:** ![Exapno\_Mapcase](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/exapno_mapcase/32/1051_2.png) [@Exapno\_Mapcase](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Exapno_Mapcase)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 4:03pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/7 "2010-03-22T16:03:31Z")
Quick, somebody tell the courts! Oh, wait. ([Obligatory link to the Tax Protesters FAQ](http://evans-legal.com/dan/tpfaq.html#ratification)) > [@](#): > > The argument that the 16th Amendment was not ratified is best explained (and refuted) by this quotation from U.S. v. Thomas, 788 F.2d 1250 (7th Cir. 1986), cert. den. 107 S.Ct. 187 (1986): > > > [@](#): > > > > “Thomas is a tax protester, and one of his arguments is that he did not need to file tax returns because the sixteenth amendment is not part of the constitution. It was not properly ratified, Thomas insists, repeating the argument of W. Benson & M. Beckman, The Law That Never Was (1985). Benson and Beckman review the documents concerning the states’ ratification of the sixteenth amendment and conclude that only four states ratified the sixteenth amendment; they insist that the official promulgation of that amendment by Secretary of State Knox in 1913 is therefore void. > > > > “Benson and Beckman did not discover anything; they rediscovered something that Secretary Knox considered in 1913. Thirty-eight states ratified the sixteenth amendment, and thirty-seven sent formal instruments of ratification to the Secretary of State. (Minnesota notified the Secretary orally, and additional states ratified later; we consider only those Secretary Knox considered.) Only four instruments repeat the language of the sixteenth amendment exactly as Congress approved it. The others contain errors of diction, capitalization, punctuation, and spelling. The text Congress transmitted to the states was: “The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.” Many of the instruments neglected to capitalize “States,” and some capitalized other words instead. The instrument from Illinois had “remuneration” in place of “enumeration”; the instrument from Missouri substituted “levy” for “lay”; the instrument from Washington had “income” not “incomes”; others made similar blunders. > > > > “Thomas insists that because the states did not approve exactly the same text, the amendment did not go into effect. Secretary Knox considered this argument. The Solicitor of the Department of State drew up a list of the errors in the instruments and–taking into account both the triviality of the deviations and the treatment of earlier amendments that had experienced more substantial problems–advised the Secretary that he was authorized to declare the amendment adopted. The Secretary did so. > > > > “Although Thomas urges us to take the view of several state courts that only agreement on the literal text may make a legal document effective, the Supreme Court follows the “enrolled bill rule.” If a legislative document is authenticated in regular form by the appropriate officials, the court treats that document as properly adopted. Field v. Clark, 143 U.S. 649, 36 L.Ed. 294, 12 S.Ct. 495 (1892). The principle is equally applicable to constitutional amendments. See Leser v. Garnett, 258 U.S. 130, 66 L.Ed. 505, 42 S.Ct. 217 (1922), which treats as conclusive the declaration of the Secretary of State that the nineteenth amendment had been adopted. In United States v. Foster, 789 F.2d. 457, 462-463, n.6 (7th Cir. 1986), we relied on Leser, as well as the inconsequential nature of the objections in the face of the 73-year acceptance of the effectiveness of the sixteenth amendment, to reject a claim similar to Thomas’. See also Coleman v. Miller, 307 U.S. 433, 83 L. Ed. 1385, 59 S. Ct. 972 (1939) (questions about ratification of amendments may be nonjusticiable). Secretary Knox declared that enough states had ratified the sixteenth amendment. The Secretary’ decision is not transparently defective. We need not decide when, if ever, such a decision may be reviewed in order to know that Secretary Knox’ decision is now beyond review.” ---
**Author:** ![Marley23](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/m/45deac/32.png) [@Marley23](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Marley23)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 4:31pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/8 "2010-03-22T16:31:33Z")
> [@Little\_Nemo](#): > > Who’s the “jewish” friend he’s talking about? Maybe one of you guys has a Jewish mouse in his pocket. Or maybe Fed = money = Jews = Jew suede shoes. ---
**Author:** ![Oakminster](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/o/77aa72/32.png) [@Oakminster](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Oakminster)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 4:34pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/9 "2010-03-22T16:34:58Z")
> [@Marley23](#): > > Maybe one of you guys has a Jewish mouse in his pocket. Or maybe Fed = money = Jews = Jew suede shoes. Jew Suede Shoes would make an excellent name for a rock band. 🆒 ---
**Author:** ![Gary\_Robson](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/gary_robson/32/3448_2.png) [@Gary\_Robson](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Gary_Robson)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 5:31pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/10 "2010-03-22T17:31:42Z")
> [@deanberry](#): > > First of all, nowhere does the Holy Bible say you win. It’s on page 718 of my copy. “Let the wombat win.” Or was that in Star Wars? I always get those mixed up. ---
**Author:** ![John\_W.Kennedy](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/john_w.kennedy/32/1031_2.png) [@John\_W.Kennedy](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/John_W.Kennedy)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 5:56pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/11 "2010-03-22T17:56:04Z")
I must confess the “remuneration” error gives me pause, going as it does to the entire point of the Amendment. But I dare say the records of the Illinois General Assembly would reveal that the legislators were aware of the issues. Of course, that very point was _not_ to establish the income tax as such, which was already quite entirely legal. The only change made by the Amendment was to allow the income tax to count interest, dividends, and rents as taxable income. If the original poster’s fantasy world of Evil Jewish Bankers were real, he’d only be helping them. ---
**Author:** ![Sister\_Vigilante](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/s/9de0a6/32.png) [@Sister\_Vigilante](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Sister_Vigilante)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 6:41pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/12 "2010-03-22T18:41:50Z")
This is too long to read. Can I get some bullet points? ---
**Author:** ![NinetyWt](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/n/cc9497/32.png) [@NinetyWt](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/NinetyWt)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 6:45pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/13 "2010-03-22T18:45:43Z")
Goads? ---
**Author:** ![Oakminster](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/o/77aa72/32.png) [@Oakminster](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Oakminster)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 6:53pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/14 "2010-03-22T18:53:01Z")
> [@Sister\_Vigilante](#): > > This is too long to read. Can I get some bullet points? The OP appears to be a tax protester. That’s really all you need to know. ---
**Author:** ![Jack\_Batty](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/jack_batty/32/3201_2.png) [@Jack\_Batty](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Jack_Batty)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 6:58pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/15 "2010-03-22T18:58:16Z")
> [@Sister\_Vigilante](#): > > This is too long to read. Can I get some bullet points? I’d help you out, but you know that sound you make by flipping your finger up and down over your lips while blubbering? Yeah, I don’t know how to spell that. ---
**Author:** ![Oakminster](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/o/77aa72/32.png) [@Oakminster](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Oakminster)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 7:06pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/16 "2010-03-22T19:06:36Z")
Also, the entire OP appears to be plagiarised. Example here: [Linky](http://www.givemeliberty.org/features/taxes/notratified.htm) Reported. ---
**Author:** ![Exapno\_Mapcase](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/exapno_mapcase/32/1051_2.png) [@Exapno\_Mapcase](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Exapno_Mapcase)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 7:16pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/17 "2010-03-22T19:16:59Z")
> [@Oakminster](#): > > Also, the entire OP appears to be plagiarised. Example here: > > [Linky](http://www.givemeliberty.org/features/taxes/notratified.htm) > Reported. That link was given in the OP. I also reported it when I posted. Don’t people who read one thing, believe every word, and then never have to check on any of the information in it live in a wonderful world? ---
**Author:** ![Mr.Excellent](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/m/f19dbf/32.png) [@Mr.Excellent](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Mr.Excellent)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 7:33pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/18 "2010-03-22T19:33:40Z")
So, what exactly is the OP doing here? I mean, is he just spamming every board he finds, or does he genuinely believe that his behemoth-post is going to persuade this audience? If it’s the latter - man, I never understand how people can get the culture of this Board so totally, completely wrong. ---
**Author:** ![Oakminster](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/o/77aa72/32.png) [@Oakminster](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Oakminster)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 7:43pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/19 "2010-03-22T19:43:47Z")
> [@Mr.Excellent](#): > > So, what exactly is the OP doing here? I mean, is he just spamming every board he finds, or does he genuinely believe that his behemoth-post is going to persuade this audience? > > If it’s the latter - man, I never understand how people can get the culture of this Board so totally, completely wrong. I suspect that people of that ilk make no attempt to assess the culture of a message board. They’re more like the graffiti vandals that will “tag” any open space when an opportunity presents itself to do so. They generally don’t return and attempt to defend their position–sometimes a few of them will protest the ban hammer–but not many. ---
**Author:** ![TubaDiva](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/tubadiva/32/507_2.png) [@TubaDiva](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/TubaDiva)\ **Post date:** [March 22, 2010, 8:15pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/new-world-ahead-no-fed-no-irs/533317/20 "2010-03-22T20:15:34Z")
Aw damn, this is one of those content spammer guys – he’s all over the internet. Sorry. I won’t disappear this thread but I should close it. If y’all want to restart this conversation I’ll leave this so you can link to it in a new thread and go forward.