Yeah, a quick look at a map of Ontario shows we weren’t very original with our toponyms. I mean, in the British Empire, did we really need another London? Never mind Windsor and Chatham and Stratford and Cambridge and… Brussels and Heidelberg and Waterloo and Khartum and Hanover and Uppsala…
In fact, I’m moving to London (ON) soon, and I’ve been looking for some convenient way to refer to it unambiguously without constantly repeating the name of the province. I have some European friends who will no doubt assume I’m moving back to that side of the Ocean. So far I’ve been calling it “London – that less glamorous one over here”, and pointing to the west.
LondON ?
Londontario?
And while we’re on the topic, where does that town’s university get off calling itself what it does, anyway? As far as I’m concerned, only Thunder Bay can claim to have a “university of western Ontario”.
Anyway, as for the “City, State” convention (in Canada, “City, Province”), it’s not just for ambiguity of multiple same-named communities, but also because both Canada and the US are geographically very large countries. While I might reasonably be expected to recognize the names of capital cities of Canadian provinces/territories (there are only 13), I can’t be expected to be familiar with every village in a sparsely settled region the size of Europe. So when a national news report describes events in a major city such as Montreal, it’s not necessary to specify the province, since that city is well-known to people who live 3000 kilometres away, and even to people who live outside of Canada. But if the national news describes events in Val-d’Or, it’s possible people from four provinces over might not be familiar with this smaller community. In that case, to give some geographic context, it’s common to give the name of the province as well: “Val-d’Or, Quebec”. In a regional newscast directed at an audience from only Quebec, for example, the name of the province would likely be left out. And someone introducing himself and describing his place of residence might simply give the name of the city.
In the United States, where there are over four dozen state capitals, and many of them are fairly small and obscure places little known outside their states, even this exception doesn’t really apply. And there are so many towns in a country that big with 300 million inhabitants that it makes sense to add an extra georeference to it. Aside from the biggest cities with the largest cultural, economic, or political importance, it’s common to use this sort of binomial form. I have a feeling it’s also related to the way people identify with their state of residence/origin, as well.