Time for more than you ever wanted to know about Indian food…
Tomato is definately found in Indian dishes. Just like the Italians, Indians discovered that tomatoes grow great in their soil and add a lot to their sauce-based cusine. You can find tomatos north and south. A typical “green salad” is a plate of cucumbers, tomatos, and onions with a lemon.
Tomato soup is extremely common, and can be found in most restaraunts large enough to have a menu. Many Indian kids consider it comfort food. While “chicken tikka masala” may be a British invention, the use of tomato soup isn’t that unnatural- it’s akin to an American cook coming up with something using a cream of mushroom soup. A dish called shahi panner with a tomato-cream sauce is pretty common, even in places that tourist would rarely venture. I’d be interested to know if shahi panner (which as far as I can tell is identical to paneer tikka masal) is a recent British invention or not.
Ketchup is also hugely popular, and is served with many fried snacks. In an odd circular turn of events, ketchup bottles declare themselves “Chinese tomato sauce”.
Makahni is usually a dark dal dish with a tiny bit of cream. Dal just means “lentil” and Indians use about fifty million kinds of lentils.
In India, most veg dishes (and most dishes are veg) are listed by their main ingredients and do not specify what kind of spices and sauces are used. The exception is plain paneer dishes and dal. All dishes are served either with rice or bread and I never mastered knowing what goes with what. Dry dishes are rarely ordered on their own, and I had more than one waiter yell at me for trying to order just a dry dish (Don’t you want gravy, madam?)
When you go out to eat in India, you get a few choices. The first is what we usually find in restraunts here- mughal food. This food hails from Muslims in northern India, and is considered “fancy special occasion” food the way we might have considered French cusine in the fifties. If you go out to a nice dinner, it’s probably to a mughal restraunt. These dishes have rich cream sauces, use fruit and nuts in savory dishes, lots of meat options, and tandoori dishes. Mughal food is rarely all that spicy. The Indian restraunts found overseas are pretty similar to the mughal restraunts found in India, although I don’t think any of it represents “authentic” food that is eaten all that often in Indian homes.
Having a huge menu is pretty traditional. Most cheap restraunts have amazingly huge menus listing a full array of Indian, Chinese and pseudo-contintental dishes. It’s not uncommon for them not to be able to make half the dishes or to see a little boy run out and come in ten minutes later with a basket of the ingredients for the dish you just ordered.
Almost all desserts are from Bangladesh. Bengali sweets are widely aknowledged across India as the best.
The other main option is South Indian, which you see a lot less here. South Indian restraunts typically have a set period of time in the middle of the day where they serve thalis or more commonly “meals”. A meal is a very cheap all you can eat affair served on a palm leaf or a metal tray (often lined with a palm leaf) with a huge mound of rice in the middle, up to seven or so side dishes (always including sambar, a tangy soupy dal and rasam a peppery water and a coconut chutney or two [they taste kind of bland- not sweet at all] and sometimes yoghurt). The food is often very spicy and is eaten very actively with your right hand- it involves a lot of mixing and mashing and balling up rice. When it’s not “meals” time, South Indian restraunts serve dosas, very thin spicy pancakes often stuffed with potatos and other snacks. Coffee is as common in the south as tea, and is served sweet and milky. In Northern India, South Indian food has the status of, say, Chinese food here. Most malls will have a South Indian eatery or two and "exotic’ themes are played up pretty heavily.
Interestingly, most the chai I found was plain sweet milky tea- not the spiced masala chai we find here. I only found masala chai in a few restraunts.
Kerala and Goa cusine have many influences due to being heavy trade areas. The best meal I ever had was fish smeared with some wonderful spice mixture, steamed in banana leaves, and served up expertly at the table in Kerala. These dishes are hard to find outside their respective states. Street food is usually local specialties and varies widely according to where you are.
Chinese food is also very common- most cheap restraunts have a full Chinese menu (although Chinese-only restraunts are uncommon), and it resembles neither American Chinese food or Chinese Chinese food. You can even find Chop Suey and “American Chop Suey” (which I gather is chop suey with a fried egg on top). Most Indian Chinese dishes are either noodle dishes or “Chilly” dishes which is meat or whatever served with green peppers. You are given a dish of ketchup and a dish of green chili sauce and sometimes a couple other sauces to mix in to your food (I got strange looks when I refused to pour a bunch of ketchup in my chow mein.) Chopsticks are rare. I can’t really think of the equivelent here. It’s something you find everywhere, on almost every menu. The closest thing is Mexican food in the Southwest. You can get “Mexican omlettes” at Denny’s and tacos at Burger King.
Finally, you can get “normal” Indian food at roadside truck stops. This food is hearty, cheap, good, and geared towards large amounts. Usually you get a dal, a mushy vegetable or two (when I was there it was usually okra or potatoes), and a pile of rice or chapatis. It isn’t bland, but can get pretty repetative. This is probably most representative of what most northern Indians eat in their homes. It doesn’t make it in to restraunts overseas often because Indians don’t think of it as “restraunt food”. Most women are highly skilled cooks so there ins’t really a market for “homestyle” food the way there is here. When I took my Indian friends to the great “totally authentic” restraunts I found, they complained that it was poor peasent food and why would they want to go all the way to a restraunt to eat that?
Finally, you can find some pretty amazing things in tourist restraunts. A lot of tourists make their way through India teaching tourist restraunts their cusines in exchange for free meals. The Israeli food is pretty right-on (and about the only way to get physically cold food- it can be hard to take a constant stream of steaming hot soupy dishes in 100 degree heat), continental food strays towards the somewhat bizarre (Jam and vegetable sandwiches, strange pasta concoctions, plates full of sauted mushrooms), and the Mexican food resembles nothing on this earth (mostly because the only widely availible cheese is paneer and they just can’t get tortillas right- also, probably due to British influence- baked beans make their way into “Mexican” dishes). My dream is to travel across India showing tourist restraunts how to make decent Mexican food.