I’ll share an old memory from the pulse-dialing (rotary) era. I’m not a telecom engineer, so some of the terminology won’t be correct.
When you dialed a number, the phone would “interrupt” the signal a number of times, corresponding to the number. So, if you dialed a 2, the signal would be interrupted twice (click-click) and if you dialed 3, it would be interrupted 3 times (click-click-click). If you did it right, you could actually simulate the clicks simply by pressing the “flash” button in the phone cradle.
Back in the day, you could buy a dial lock for a phone. It fit into the 1 hole and thus would not let the user dial any number except for 1, supposedly rendering the phone unusable. When I was in college, one of my roommates didn’t want anyone to use his phone, and so he put a lock on his phone. He didn’t believe me when I told him that the lock wouldn’t work, so I demonstrated it for him.
I dialed a local number simply by clicking the flash hook the proper number of times with the proper cadence.
Except for a tiny stretch, telephone operators were predominately female almost everywhere and almost from the begining. They were even called hello girls.
Watching All the President’s Men, I noticed how much time Redford and Hoffman spent looking for telephones and dialing. I seem to recall a scene in which someone keeps hanging up on Bernstein and it seems like Hoffman spends 15 solid minutes just dialing.
I grew up in Grove City, Pennsylvania. Into the mid 60’s, to call my home, you picked the phone and when the operator asked ‘‘Number please?’’, you said 741-R21. Not sure of the mechanics, but then all the phones on the R half of the line rang 2 longs and a short ring. The people next door were 741-J11. You could yell at the neighbors to go in and pick up the phone and talk skipping the operator. When it ended, everybody in the Grove City exchange had dial phones and a 458-xxxx number. Maybe even DDD and area 412.
Businesses and the filthy rich with private lines had 3 digit numbers.
I remember that story, too. Seems to me the victim was painting a painting when attacked, and wrote his message where the signature would normally go. But I’m pretty sure that what he wrote was “QZ” (or, possibly, “–QZ”), thus identifying David Dial as his murderer.
What I don’t remember is why, if he could write/paint/whatever two letters, Q - Z, he couldn’t w/p/w four letters, D - I - A - L.
We had ZEnith numbers too, and they worked the same way. There was also RIchmond; although you could dial that, I think the technology worked in a similar way. IIRC it was always RIchmond 9-xxxx.
When I was in college MIT dorms had old rotary phones for the dorm to dorm system, and I often dialed that way. The dials were also major transmitters. When I was recording records to tape with my tape recorder I sometimes picked up the guy in the next room dialing his phone. I think I still have a tape of “A Day in the Life” with the last chord being interrupted by click-click-clickclick-click …