Out of balance political power: Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema

Ys, that’s the thesis of Juan Linz, a professor of polisci at Harvard (no longer with us). His article “The Perils of Presidentialism” is a good, relatively short read on the topic. His thesis is that divided government, where both the executive and the legislative branches can legitimately claim to have a popular mandate, inevitably lead to partisan gridlock. His studies of presidential/congressional systems, other than the US, was that they all failed, often through coups or strongmen, or simply a breakdown in the constitutional consensus. The US was the outlier.

Worringly, the factors which he identified as contributing to the breakdown in all those other countries now sound familiar in the US: extreme partisanship, refusal to recognise the validity of the other side, refusal to work together.

I started a thread on this issue some time ago, and asked “After the US, what is the longest-lived presidential/congressional system?” The consensus answer was “Costa Rica! Coup-free since 1948!” (With some uncertainty about how to county Mexico, with its perpetual revolutionary party.)