Eh, I believe in nonlocality, but only of a very subtle sort. And even gross nonlocality isn’t inconsistent with special relativity; it just forces one to challenge yet other “common-sense” notions like absolute causality. It’s sort of like defective bubble wrap: You squeeze out one bubble, but that just causes another one to pop back up, and squeeze both of them at once, and a third pops up instead.
But yes, I would love to see an experiment that could distinguish between the two. Sadly, though, I don’t think there’s even one proposed that could tell, and I don’t know if such an experiment is even in principle possible. Though then again, I’m sure many thought the same about the experiments implied by Bell’s inequality, so maybe there’s hope.
No. The amplituhedron is a geometric object that can be used to more easily calculate certain things (like particle scattering amplitudes) in certain kinds of quantum theories (quantum field theories featuring supersymmetry). ‘E8 theory’ is a particular quantum field theory, one who possesses a certain kind of symmetry under E8 transformations—so it’s basically just a theory ‘of the same kind’ as those we use at present (the Standard Model is a quantum field theory with a different symmetry group, for instance), while the amplituhedron is (at the moment) a calculational device that can be used to compute things in model theories that we know don’t describe the real world. (Although it’s hoped that it can be generalized to something more fundamental.)
…speaks to this. I am only part-way into it, but it discusses those findings of non-locality and some experiments at the forefront of thinking about how to reconcile relativity and quantum mechanics.
