To those saying Harvey doesn’t appear in the film, I counter with this bit of evidence.
Now, I happen to think letting the audience see this painting is one of the movie’s only missteps, since it makes concrete something that should only exist in each viewer’s imagination. And I don’t know about you, but that’s definitely not how I imagine Harvey. But I think it clearly disqualifies the film Harvey from the OP’s specifications.
My contribution to the thread (and I’m surprised that I’m the first to mention him) is Floyd Thursby in The Maltese Falcon, both Dashiell Hammet’s book and John Huston’s 1941 film with Humphrey Bogart.
Thursby was Brigid O’Shaughnessy’s partner before the story starts, and she sets Spade and Archer after him, claiming he has seduced her (non-existent) sister. Archer starts tailing him and is killed by Thursby. Shortly after that, Thursby is killed, off-camera, by Wilmer Cook.