Some great suggestions here. The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner and The Lady of Shalott are some of my favorites from my Eng. Lit. class days. Choosing between the two poets, I’d probably go for Tennyson. But if you want to go for your own higher emotions, the older poets are living in different worlds, and there will be a lot in there that’s a bit far removed from our days. Of course much of the bigger emotions still stand, and some stuff is as evocative today as it ever was. One of my favorites:
“Had we but space enough, and time
This Coyness, lady, were no crime”
Norton Anthologies are your friend. I have three of them, two of ‘English Literature’ and one of ‘American Literature’. You’ll also find a lot of other great stuff, such as short stories like the wonderful The Scarlet Letter, which uses beautiful imagery and has a really insightful ‘message’ that you will definitely be able to reflect on your own life.
There are very many different ways of reading a poem. One is in an attempt to understand what the author meant, which is partly a biographical/historical/political reading (depending on how broad you look at the author and which aspect), one is reading the text per se (looking at style, rhythm, etc.), and one is focussing on the reader interaction. In your case, that means very personally focussing on what the poem evoces in you.
As this latter is incredibly personal, I’d recommend taking a wide view. For instance, Jewel also writes poetry and has some pretty decent stuff out there, that will likely have as strong, or perhaps even a stronger effect on you as, say, Emily Dickinson. She sometimes reminds me a little of a mix between Emily and T.S. Eliot.
From her first collection, a night without armor:
envy
passionless bodies
with pointless little limbs
that flaunt in vain
such narrowness of frame
with nothing to offer but bone
I Am Patient
I am patient
but do not push
for it is silently
my heart will break
one night
___and with no words
you will find me gone
come morning
The Chase
And now it begins
you will see.
Once you are gone
my game gets stronger
In love with the pursuit
I will seduce you,
with ink,
blot out the night
and invent new stars.
I will sew you to my side
nevermore shall you roam
without the outline of my chase
branded on your heart.
Fragile
Fine. If that’s the way you want it.
I will walk away with all the finality
and coldness you accuse me of, but
it won’t be what you expect–
a retaliation, a scene, a tangle,
it will be your jaw
flapping like an archaic flag
limp with contemplation.