I think the definition that included the word “beauty” captured the essence of it. The only way I know of to define art is by its effect on the observer. When you see art, you have an emotional response that leads you to think of it as beautiful–even if it isn’t attractive in the normal sense (I am thinking of art that is crap).
Intention does matter. Art is a way of communicating. When I try to create art, I am trying to communicate something to others, something that speaks of beauty–even if it speaks of beauty by demonstrating its opposite. When someone else “gets” the message, then I have created art. In the same way, if I log on here and type “a;dslkfjasd;flkjasdf;lkjad”, I may feel that I have created a message, but if no one else gets it, I have not communicated.
Different people appreciate different art. I have always sad that Rap music is not music, and if someone challenges me on it, I say it is not music to me: It does not have the effect on me that I want from music (neither does Jazz). However, that does not mean that it isn’t music to someone else. In fact, I believe that it is music to a lot of people; I’m just not one of them. In the case of Jazz, I think that I don’t “get” it because I lack a needed understanding of the technical aspects of music–it depends on a language that I don’t speak.
So, much of abstract art–Pollack is a good example–does nothing for me. To me, it is not art. However, there are quite a few people who believe that it is art and will pay great sums to own it. I have no problem with this, but I won’t pay any money for it (unless it were for the purpose of reselling it).
I don’t think there is even any reason to have this discussion without public funding of art. As I said, art is art because the observer thinks it is. If there are no observers who think it is art, then it isn’t. Public funding introduces the element of having one person pay to fund another person’s taste in art, which distorts the popular acclaim that would ordinarily define art. Historically, you were a great artist if people would outbid each other to own your art. If you couldn’t sell it, then you better find another way to make a living.
Given all this, to my mind anything that is created by humans in hopes of being recognized as art that is recognized as art by at least one other human is, in fact, art. Art that is believed to be art by a great many people is great art.
-VM