Room temperature superconductors

Nitpick: only thirty elements have been observed to superconduct at ambient pressure, and about twenty more have been observed to superconduct at higher pressure. That still leaves over thirty elemental metals that haven’t been observed to superconduct. Here’s the data as of 2009. In particular, some of the metals that are the best conductors of electricity at room temperature (copper, silver, and gold) have never been observed to superconduct. Now, this doesn’t mean that they can’t superconduct, just that it might require ridiculously pure samples and/or ridiculously low temperatures and/or ridiculously high pressures to make it happen.

I recall reading about a suggestion to create a power storage unit (like a battery) with a cooled superconducting loop. One suggestion was that a quarter-mile loop could hold enough power to run a city the size of San Francisio for a few hours thus reducing the need for peak load generators. the downside - the magnetic fields still tried to expand the loop, so it had to be embedded in bedrock.

Maybe such a device could be created as a small home appliance for the DIY type for running off the grid, with the added bonus that if the refrigeration system failed, a couple of hundred kilowatt-hours of stored energy becomes heat in an instant.

Not to get off-topic, but it really depends on the piece of music (and the orchestra) as to whether “anyone” can conduct it. With an orchestra at the level of Boston, literally anyone who can avoid physically assaulting the musicians can conduct some pieces, like simple marches and other pieces that don’t have tempo changes. The orchestra will just ignore the incompetent arm-waving and play on.

For some definitions of “bonus”, at least. Like, the kind of definition that includes large explosions.

Which orbits? The only candidate I could think of was L2, but even that, the Earth is too far to fully shield the Sun.

That is nice, but I wish he had said which way the magnets were aligned. North always out from the track? North circling each section of the track?

A little gold foil sunshade can be pretty effective. :wink:

“cold” is an vague term. How deep do you have to bury something, or how large a shade to you need to keep objects on or near the lunar surface from reaching, say 134 K when facing the sun?

That assumes that every bit of wiring and electronics is superconducting all the time.

Special warning to fire department - in the event of an issue with this house, spend your efforts evacuating the neighbourhood instead…

Near-Surface Temperatures on Mercury and the Moon and the Stability of Polar Ice Deposits (PDF) has some nice results for both the Moon and Mercury. Based on their modeling, by 1 meter deep*, the soil temperature is constant. See Figure 4, the top two images, which are at the equator, and at 85 degrees North. The temperatures are 250 K and just about 134 K respectively.

Further down, they consider craters near the poles, and even on Mercury, there’s a crater where the maximum temperature is below 100 K. See the big glossy color picture. Below that they consider Mercurial and lunar craters at several different latitudes, in Figure 9.

  • Which seems too shallow to me, but maybe without water, Lunar soil is more insulating than Earth. Also, they say the seasonal variation is small near the equator.

So apart from the polar regions it appears there’s nowhere on the moon that’s cold enough for superconduction without active cooling. (Even if it’s just insulation and putting a shade up in daytime.)

Actually, the 85 north location would just barely make it. You’d still probably want some active cooling to account for waste heat and small temperature fluctuations (the results of going over critical temperature are catastrophic enough that you want a nice comfortable margin), but you wouldn’t need very much active cooling.

…and within the temperature band of Mars. Imagine space and Mars colonies not having to worry about annoying little things like resistance and transmission loss.

“Houston…The Smeagol has landed…we’ve gone superconductive…”

What orbits? I’d love to read about that. Where did you look that up?

Uh, using a sunshade that’s attached to a satellite will cause that sunshade to conduct heat into the superconducting part of the satellite. And modern satellites manage in direct sunlight specifically because they’re not superconducting and can therefore function at higher temperatures. Even on the surface of the Moon with no air to conduct higher temperatures toward the superconductor, you’d still see that sunshade heat up and radiate heat down toward the superconductor.

Underground on the Moon or in polar craters where the sun never rises might be viable. Some of the temperatures thrown around in this thread are just barely higher than the maximum temperatures that modern superconductors can operate at.