I sit corrected, then.
I am not a lawyer and have never been arrested so I have no meaningful first hand knowledge - but that’s never stopped me before so here are my two cents re: Canada.
As I understand it you do have a right to remain silent and you have a right to consult with an attorney upon detention (not arrest, but detention). You do not have to be informed of these rights.
Consult with an attorney does not mean you get to have one present at questioning, it can mean as little as a phone call prior to interrogation. After that consult your right has been satisfied until there is a change in jeopardy. For instance if you get questioned as a witness you can talk to a lawyer first.
If during the interview the police decide that you may have been involved in the crime they can continue the interview with an eye to gathering evidence against you. Since you have moved from being a witness to a suspect there is a change in jeopardy and you are entitled to consult with an attorney again at that point.
The police do not have to tell you that there has been a change in the degree of jeopardy you face.
I’m sure someone will come along soon to make the corrections that are almost certain to be numerous and warranted.
I do believe that in the US one does HAVE to provide identification if you’re arrested. You have to give them your name.
Here in the United States, I was falsely arrested and not read any Miranda rights. At the prison, I was given a form to write in detail about my personal information and habits. When I was being processed into prison, I heard another inmate ask why they didn’t read his Miranda rights and they said that they didn’t have to read Miranda rights unless "…’. It’s so long ago I can’t remember the technicality. Anyhow, it’s not uncommon for police to not read Miranda rights here in the United States.
Of course, in all cases you can refuse to answer any and all questions.
It’s not like they can beat you to make you talk (legally), although 10 to 16 hour interrogation sessions are not unheard of; and they will make threats about how it’s only making things worse for you, cooperating will help your case, yada yada…
The whole technique is to get you chatting and then lead you into the right topic. So if instead of jumping right into the crime, they start asking you about your dog, your family, your favourite music, where you work, who you know from there, etc. - they are trying to get you to open up.
No comment.