“Schindler’s List” is not only the story of how Oscar Schindler saved 1,200 (some accounts place the list at 650, 900, and 1100 as well) people, but how they saved him. When the war began and Oscar joined the Nazi party, he was by many accounts a despicable man–an alcoholic, a womanizer/adulterer and, to that point in history, a failure at business. The war permits him to finally achieve financial success, but in the opportunist process of obtaining wealth and success, he comes to realize the heinousness of the Nazi party and their “solution.” He begins to change and see the jewish people not only as cheap laborers but as mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers, sons and daughters. One man can make a difference is certainly a major theme throughout the film, but I think it goes beyond that, following the change to and within Oscar as well – he was saving their bodies and they were “saving his soul.”
The girl in red? My interpretation of Spielberg’s use of the girl in the red coat is the focus on the individual. Stalin is said to have made the statement: “One man’s death is a tragedy, one hundred thousand is a statistic.” During the film, the view follows the lives of specific “Schindler” jews, but those who were not under his protection–being saved by him–are slaughtered on screen. After viewing so many represented atrocities, the tree blurs for the forest, shall we say. I think the little girl in red is Spielberg’s effort to bring the tree back in focus–to remind us of the individuals who died as part of the millions. It was not and should not be remembered merely as a lump sum murder of 6-million. It was a angonizing destruction of one life by one life–no matter how quickly or efficiently the Nazi’s became at mass extermination, each life was still a single life cut down. This should also serve to remind the viewer that while they were only 1,200, still they were 1,200 individual people–even if he’d only saved one, still it would be one. And those 1,200 now have 6,000 descendents around the world.
I also think, as someone else stated, she was used as a poignant marker of the moment Oscar really saw the people being killed–the point of change in Schindler’s heart–the softening or melting of his greed and lust into compassion that would grow into a passion to save all those he could.
When the film came out, I heard some Jewish people interviewed adn they complain that the film makes Schindler a saint when clearly he was not (nor do I believe Spielberg glosses over Schindler’s flaws), or at least, he did not start as one, who and what became their savior/salvation, started as exploitation. But, I have never heard of the movie as being a “feel-good” story of the holocaust. In addition to the points mentioned by those before me, let me add that Oscar Schindler spent everything he had accummulated (and then some, which has been estimated at 4-million German Marks, a large sum for that time in history) to deliver those 1,200 jews from death. At nearly the end of the film, as the war ends, we see Oscar lament that he should’ve done more…saved more. He is forced to flee under the cover of darkness as he will be unwelcome by both sides–the Allies because of his affiliation with the Nazi-party and the Nazi’s because of his affiliation and rescue of jews.
The real Oscar Schindler lived out the remainder of his life as quite a (financial) failure. Business after business failed. He also chose to leave his wife, Emilie, in Buenos Aires and and move back to Germany for a time (rendering him as a failure at marriage as well)–spending the rest of his life moving around, failing at various business ventures, and living, for the most part, from the generous support of the “Schindler jews” because he never accummulated any wealth for himself following the war.
The only “feel-good” aspect of the film is seeing the actual “Schindler Jews” (or their descendents) at the end of the film placing stones on Schindler’s grave. But it is a bittersweet ending…while it makes us aware that this one man was responsible for preserving those lives (or family lines), there were so many more that he could not and were not saved.