Hopefully this will clear up some of the confusion here. Let’s compare two plans using the figures I posted before. (I admit I made them up but the real figures would yield the same results.)
Plan A (the “pay as you go” plan)
In 2000, $90,000,000,000 is paid out in SS payments. $90,000,000,000 is collected in Social Security taxes.
In 2020, $110,000,000,000 is paid out in SS payments. $110,000,000,000 is collected in SS taxes.
The net results are $200,000,000,000 is collected and $200,000,000,000 is paid out.
Plan B (the simple version of the “pay in advance plan”)
In 2000, you pay out $90,000,000,000 in SS payments. You collect $100,000,000,000 in SS taxes. The surplus $10,000,000,000 is spend on other things.
In 2020, you pay out $110,000,000,000 in SS payments. The $10,000,000,000 surplus from 2000 was spent on other things and is gone. You therefore collect $110,000,000,000 in SS taxes.
The net results are you collected $210,000,000,000 in SS taxes in order to pay out $200,000,000,000 in SS payments.
Plan B2 (the more detailed version of Plan B)
In 2000, the government collects $100,000,000,000 in SS taxes. The government pays out $90,000,000,000. The government buys $10,000,000,000 of Treasury Bonds with the surplus. The government takes the $10,000,000,000 it just received as income from selling these bonds (to itself) and spends it on other things.
In 2020, the government has to pay out $110,000,000,000 in SS payments. The government decides to cash in the $10,000,000,000 worth of Treasury Bonds it bought back in 2000. In order to pay off these Treasury Bonds, the government raises $10,000,000,000 through taxes. The government then raises the remaining $100,000,000,000 it owes on SS also through taxes.
The net results are the same as Plan B.
The bottom line is you have a choice of paying out $200,000,000,000 worth of Social Security by collecting $200,000,000,000 or $210,000,000,000 in taxes. Which is a better idea?
Now you might argue that the “other things” the government spent that surplus $10,000,000,000 on were good things that deserved to have money spent on them. Maybe so, but I think the government should have openly raised taxes for those purposes rather then raising it for one reason (Social Security) and spending it on something else.