Depends on the course - it could be more. But more importantly, evaluating someone on something such as class participation may be more subjective than a multiple-choice or written essay exam. In other words, class attendence/participation is but one way in which to evaluate students - and it often helps instrutors make difficult decisions in evaluating students who are borderline.
In other words, if 95% of a student’s grade is based on some objective evaluation (multiple choice exams, written assignments, etc.) and that student’s grade at the end of the term is on the borderline (say between a C+ and a B-), but that student hasn’t attended class on a regular basis nor participated in any meaningful way, then I’m more likely to give the student a C+ rather than a B-.
Conversely, someone who has been attending class on a regular basis and has participated in a meaningful way makes it easier to justify awarding the borderline students a B- rather than a C+.
Now, you may claim - so what? If I know the material, then it shouldn’t matter whether I’ve attended or participated. Then how does one justify awarding a B+ to both students, given that the other student did attend class on a regular basis and participated in some way? What do I tell that student who has shown the initiative and ability to contribute to his/her knowledge of the topic/subject?
Tough luck?
What if I know that that student doesn’t necessarily do well on objective types of evaluations (written exams), but does do well in demonstrating their grasp of the subject matter in classroom discussion formats? Do I discount this ability altogether? Whether you realize it or not, some students show different aptitudes for demonstrating there grasp of the material in different ways (their are distinct learning styles). Instructors are aware of this and try to account for it(admittedly, not to everyone’s satisfaction, including the instructors).
See above - a written test isn’t necessarily a more reliable (or accurate) indicator in all instances. If you test well on written exams, but I ask you point-blank questions in class about something I’ve just covered and you reply with “I don’t know” or some other reponse that clearly demostrates you have not learned anything, which of the two is the real indicator of your knowledge of the subject?
Now reverse the scenario (student tests poorly, but when asked point-blank questions about the topic, the student knows the material and clearly grasps what has just been conveyed). Which of the two is the real indicator for the student’s knowledge of the subject?
Example: You get a perfect score on your written exam to get your driver’s license, but do poorly on the driver portion. Which is a more accurate assement of one’s knowledge/ability to drive? Now reverse the two. Admittedly, one’s ability to drive is most important. But you won’t even be able to take the driver’s portion if you don’t pass the written exam. One needs to do well on both get a driver’s license.
In the first case, your grade may be downgraded a bit, based upon your good tests scores, but lousy responses in class (“good objective test taker, lousy when asked point-blank questions on a topic”); in the second case, the student’s score may be upgraded a bit (“so-so objective test taker, but does really well when asked pointed questions about subject in class”.)
There’s already a built in bias towards those that do well on written/objective types of exams versus other methods (direct questioning, discussion, etc.). Class participation being only 5% of one’s final grade is already telling you how much weight is given to that element. That small amount is probably used to account for borderline grade cases.
Also, just because you may do well on objective/written type of tests, doesn’t necessarily mean you do well on other types. And class attendence/participation as part of one’s grade does try (admittedly, not perfectly) to account for this. And that’s why some instructor’s may give it a higher weight (say, 25% of your grade).