Texas again proves it is the asshole of the US

Since those proposals/bills came from Democrats, what stopped them from being passed?

Look here. Republicans have had (until 2017) a large enough minority to block passage of bills they object to.
The Legislature has not be under Democratic control.

So who’s to blame, Democrats who had bills to try to relieve the problem or Republicans who objected?

From 2015

NIMN

You may be misattributing that one. General Philip Sheridan:

“If I owned Texas and Hell, I would rent Texas and live in Hell…”

Actually, Croclett’s exact quote was

Sort of like the “if Bush/Obama/Trump wins, I’m moving to Canada” of its day.
(If said plan were to also involve annexing Canada.)