There was a Microsoft-made COBOL compiler available for the 8080; a copy of the manual can be found on the website (pdf) of a hobbyist project that offers 8080 emulations. Since COBOL was widely used in the business and finance world*, I suppose there were such applications running on 8080s.
*) And, from what I’ve heard, still is to a larger extent than people think it is; I’ve heard claims that most credit card payments will, at some stage of their way from payer to payee, be processed by some software written in COBOL.