Deductibility of IRA contributions have a phase out at around $60K to $70K filing single if you are covered by an employer sponsored 401k plan.
Eligibility for a ROTH IRA phases out at $114K filing single.
In the past, you could get hit with AMT if you were over a certain amount as well, which then applied to all of your income.
Certain education credits have a phaseout as well.
These aren’t quite the same as the EITC that actually provides a disincentive - but it’s not always true that tax on increased income only applies to the marginal amounts above the bracket. That increased income can boost your AGI leading to more phaseouts.