“O che sciagura d’essere senza colgioni!”
Gosh, I LOVE that I have read most of the books people have mentioned. It’s been a bad day and reading this made me a little happy, so yay for me. 
Profound?! Off the top of my head - Dostoevsky - Crime and Punishment, Tolstoy - Anna Karinina (one of those classics I just never seemed to get around to until my 40’s), Kurt Vonnegut - anything and everything, read them all in my late teens/early twenties, have re-read them all every decade or so since then… life-changing, for me. Galapagos, Cat’s Cradle and Bluebeard would be my first recommendations.
Never liked much of Hesse or Dickens, enjoyed Willa Cather, Shakespeare, Voltaire, Kafka and Austen. Only recently read the “Chronicles of Narnia” because my 3rd grader started the series, and really enjoyed them, for the most part, until the very end. (a bit too much woo and religion for me)
Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck
Lolita, Nabokov - SO not what I was expecting and does NOT support the common usage of the term “Lolita” to describe a sexual, enticing young girl! We hear that term often, but I wonder how many have actually read the book… the poor girl was groomed, abused, raped, used and basically held captive! So profound, worth reading, and left me in awe to know that English was not his first language!
I tend to like authors rather than books. If I like the way the person writes, I will like most of their books/novels, regardless of subject. More modern authors: John Irving, Barbara Kingsolver, esp. “Poisonwood Bible.”
The great-granddaddy of all rape jokes. Far more nuanced than Daniel Tosh. 
I’m surprised nobody’s mentioned Ishmael yet.