And MSU 1978 has actually chosen one of the simpler examples. For example, in the situation given by MSU, what pitch would you throw the batter? As he steps into the box, he’s probably going to be able to see exactly how the infield is playing him. If the corners are up, the batter is going to try and hit it either to the outfield or up the middle. If the infield is in, he’s going to try to hit something high and/or hard. If the infield is back, he’s just going to try and put something in play to score the run. However, none of these things are guaranteed, as any hitter could break those rules trying to get a hit.
So if the infield is in at the corners, the pitcher is likely to work just off the plate to force the batter to hit something toward the lines; and he’s also going to be more likely to keep the ball down, or throw something that drops, hoping to induce a ground ball; and he’s going to be more likely to throw pitches that aren’t in the hitter’s strength (i.e., the hitter has trouble with curveballs, he can expect to see more curveballs; he has trouble with outside pitches, he can expect to see more outside pitches); similarly, the pitcher is probably going to want to stick to his best pitches.
You’ve also got to factor in the hitter’s stance, the best pitches against a bunt, what the hitter has done in his previous at bats this game, what the hitter has done in his previous at bats against this pitcher over his career, what pitches the hitter has seen from this pitcher, what the weather is like (heavy and damp? light and bright? windy? how well can the hitter see the seams?), how good the pitcher’s looking, what pitches are working for the pitcher today, and how many pitches the pitcher has thrown (which affects how good the pitcher is looking, whether his pitches will have much movement, how many pitches you want him to throw against this hitter – which is affected by how much longer you want him to throw in this game, which is affected by how good your bullpen is, how much you’ve used your bullpen in the past few games, how many more games you have to play this week, how much you’ve used the pitcher this season, and how soon you need him to pitch again).
But the hitter knows all this stuff, too, and he’s trying to figure out what pitch he’s going to be thrown.
So the guessing game begins. Fastball? Cut fastball? Curveball? Slider? Changeup? Splitter? Inside? Outside? On the plate? Off the plate? High? Low? On the hands? Rising? Sinking? In or out of the strike zone?
For a great book on baseball strategy, I’d suggest Keith Hernandez’s Pure Baseball.
And for the record, I played (American) football and baseball in college, and the World Cup is still my favorite sporting event.