My grandmother was born in 1901. I asked her what it was like when she was a child (not 1900, but not too far off). The following (from memory) relates to a small city in VA (Fredericksburg, to be exact)
There were a few cars, but not many. Mainly horse drawn wagons and related modes of transport. People walked if they needed to get somewhere. Trains ran regularly, but it was pretty rare to travel. By and large the world was made up of where you go get to and back home in a day.
Surprisingly, the racism was much less overt than you might expect. The races worked together (my grandmother came from a working class background), were on friendly terms, and there was generally a live and let live attitude (and this was VA in the early 1900s). Churches were, and still are, the most segregated places. Not much socializing but friendly enough interactions. Violence toward blacks was rare, but it happened. As an aside, I can tell you that my grandfather, who’s mother died in 1896 when he was 4 years old, was taken in a raised by a neighboring African American family. They were all tenant farmers on a dairy so everyone just helped each other out - if you’re all poor as dirt race doesn’t come in to play much.
Medicine was made up of patent stuff (big doses or alcohol or laudnum) or home remedies. Most women knew some rudamentary home remedies. Surgery wasn’t common, but could be used in emergencies.
People worked very, very hard just to survive. There was no Social Security or pensions (except in the rarest instances - I believe her mother collected a Confederate widow’s pension of a couple bucks a month). Prices were much, much different. The rent for the home she lived in was $15 a month. Vegetables were grown in the back garden and put up for winter.
Cigarettes were not really widespread. They were originally intended to be smoked by women (men smoked cigars, pipes, or chewed tobacco and dipped snuff), but she didn’t remember many women doing so.
School was available, but attendance was not compulsory when she was a child (or at least she didn’t attend past 3rd grade - like many children she went to work).
People were outside much, much more than today. There was no AC, no TV or radio and there wasn’t much reason to be in the house if the chores were done.
Death wasn’t removed from everday experience like it is today. People didn’t die in the hospital - they died at home. Lots of children died and it was pretty regular for women to have children about every two years.
I think that touches on most of the issues raised above. It was a much slower pass of life, and hard work was a way of life. If you could adjust to that sort of lifestyle, you’d fit in pretty quickly.