Ravenman touched on one major area of inefficiency: defense procurement (at least with really advanced systems like fighters) takes place along decade-plus timelines. Governments will come and go during that period, and the government that greenlights your aircraft is guaranteed to be long gone by the time it is ready for induction. It would be one thing if the USAF could say, “we’ll buy 500 for eleventy billion dollars” in 1980 and keep its promise in 2005. But it can’t. By 2005, the new SecDec will have cut its order in half, if you’re lucky.
The F/A-18 (even the mooted advanced version) has no internal weapons stowage, and none is planned; it doesn’t supercruise, and GE’s engine upgrade won’t fix that; it’s not particularly maneuverable, and it’s not getting thrust vectoring or any other significant upgrades in that area.
It might be cheap enough to allow the Navy to buy so many that it can match G5 aircraft on a force-wide basis. It won’t be good enough to come close on a one for one basis.
Isn’t that what they already sort of do? The modern B-52H is very different from the original B-52A from the 50s, but it’s still basically 60 years of incremental upgrades and retrofits. It seems like they don’t really go with a completely new airframe like the B-2 or the F-35 until they are ready to go with a bunch of completely new technologies.
Well, not really. The B-52’s length of service is really just luck. It’s huge and slow and lumbering, and can’t penetrate properly defended airspace. However, it can bomb the shit out of un- or lightly-defended areas, and it just so happens that we have been fighting assymmetric wars since the 50s.
It’s pretty clear that for some weapons platforms, you just need a truck to accomplish the mission, and for others, the type of platform is the test of whether the mission can be accomplished.
Tankers, cargo aircraft, and the B-52 are great examples of, for the most part, just needing a truck. Over time you may wish to make the truck better – like C-130Js are substantially improved over C-130Es and Hs – or just add things to the truck.
Fighter aircraft and submarines are two examples of platforms in which you can only do so much to improve them once they are built, so they are resigned every couple decades or so.