[QUOTE=Bricker]
This sounds like something you know a bit about. Can you expand a bit on why this is? As I look at the AFTRA site, they seem to claim near-universal coverage of TV.
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Well, AFTRA gets everything that isn’t straight scripted drama. They also historically, in the 40s and early 50s, got scripted drama, too, which was generally done live, with three cameras focussed at all times on the action, and the director, up in the control booth, switching the broadcast from one camera to another. But, later on, when Hollywood got into the act (most early television was done in New York), the concept was “short movies made for television”, and they shot them the same way they did movies, with one camera, first shooting a broad version of each scene (with the scenes done in an order that was convenient for shooting, rather than in story order), then closeups of actor #1 saying all his lines, then closeups of actor #2 saying all his lines, and so on, all the shots finally put together in the editing bay. SAG got jurisdiction on these shows, because they were made in Hollywood, they were being made by movie studios, and it just seemed natural. The split has continued to this day, with SAG generally doing the one-hour dramas, and AFTRA generally doing sitcoms, soaps, and everything else.
There are several more unions in the US that cover actors. AGVA, which historically handled vaudeville, now does Las Vegas and theme parks. AGMA does opera. (Members of the orchestra, however, belong to the Musicians Union.) Actors Equity does legitimate plays and musicals. There are also a couple of ethnic unions from way back when the other unions wouldn’t take certain people.
Traditionally, the distinction was, “SAG gets film and AFTRA gets video”. But now some one-camera shows are being shot with video cameras, (often postprocessed digitally to have the color balance of film) and I don’t know how that’s being divided up.
The situation really isn’t altogether healthy, as it encourages a degree of ghettoization that they don’t have in, say, Britain. Can you imagine an American actress with a status comparable to, e.g.,, Judi Dench doing a sitcom?