Here’s a visualization of The Great Curve, from Talking Heads’ Remain In Light. Although it is a deep cut by the Heads’ standard, aficionados of the band seem to rate it very highly.
It obviously takes as its starting point the pedestrian audio track visual model, but it does do a great job of explicating the complexity of what is basically just a one chord jam with layered vocals (and wild guitar solos courtesy of Adrian Belew).
To radically shift gears, I can think of two classical (well, 20th Century) composers. Scriabin and Messiaen, who worked towards a theory of color visualization, though neither codified it into anything like a unified theory.
