First, I just realized I never responded to Grienspace on the atonement.
It’s an article of faith to me that Jesus of Nazareth chose to die to bring to a close the estrangement between God and man. That’s the atonement – and it’s the sublimest pun in the English language that the verb for “to make recompense” is homonymous with a synonymous phrase for “into unity” – at_one. What I reject is God (sc. the Father) demanding such a death as payment for sin – anyone’s. That’s not how He operates. And yet… somehow that death has touched millions of lives and called them to be better than they were. It’s important, too, to remember that Good Friday is not the end. Easter follows, with the promise of new life, and the assurance that death, any death, is not the end.
Now, on to Hell (! :D) …
Let me start out with a line from an old, ironic song:
I’ve known wonderful people who got into addictive drugs. And I’ve seen their personalities decay. I cannot think of a better way to put that: what had been youthful ideals, caring, anger, love, pain, joy turned into nothing but craving and con artistry to support the craving.
It would be my contention that anything but God (perhaps including even religion), taken to the extreme, turns into something cloying and yet addictive, where it is no longer satisfying and yet is still craved. This is not a healthy hunger but “an endless, aching need.” It is torture to the spirit of the person who takes things to that extreme, and corrosive, eroding away the person and leaving only an ash.
To choose to turn from God and cherish things of this world instead of him, instead of taking them as His gifts and valuing them but being willing to give them up and go on to the next thing, is to put them in His place, and since they do not have His illimitable capacity, they end up being that unsatisfying/addictive/corrosive thing.
And to permanently turn to this instead of Him is Hell. And it is both annihilation of the soul – leaving only ash – and eternal torment – as that craving becomes the sole purpose of the ash that survives and is never fulfilled.
And God has absolutely no interest in anyone having to undergo this – but, if His efforts to get through to us are not enough, ultimately with sadness honors our free will to choose it.
That’s my take on Hell.