I’m sorry your cite must have gotten cut off here. It’s all well and good that you don’t recognize my cite as a reliable source that trumps knowledge of basic chemistry , but I don’t recognize your knowledge of basic chemistry to be qualified to make that call either.
The use of hydrogen for rocket fuel has to do with the energy density per unit MASS not volume. Consider the following reactions :
1> Hydrogen reacts with Fluorine
H2 + F2 —> 2HF
537kJ are released per mole of hydrogen or 1x2 + 9x2 = 20 g
or 537/20 ~ 27 kJ/g of propellant
2> Gasoline reacts with pure Oxygen (gasoline is approximated by Octane - I know it is not octane and is a mixture of C4-C12, but for energy calcs this equation is good)
C8H18 + 12.5 O2 —>8CO2 +9 H2O
5460kJ are released per mole of octane (gasoline) or 12x8+1x18 +12.5x16x2 = 514 g
or 5460/514 ~ 11 kJ/g of propellant
So on a mass basis - Hydrogen + Fluorine will contain 2.5 times the energy density of Gasoline + Oxygen.
The mass density of energy is important because of therocket equation. The rocket is best propelled by fuel that has a High exit velocity and low mass. So the best propulsion will come from electrons (or even less massive particles) shot out at a speed approaching light. The Ion thruster comes close to this.
njtt - I was pointing out that the basis was not relevant and my statement still stands.
Here is why - Its not just the ratio of Carbon to Hydrogen that is linked to CO2 emissions, it is also the efficiency of the power producing system. Units running on heavy oil have less efficiency than units running on gases like methane or ethane.
So CO2 produced per kw-hr of produced electrical energy is a better metric andhere is how they compare. As you can see - natural gas leads to the least CO2 emissions per kw-hr of produced electrical energy.
Yes - but you had a number for the volume energy density (4x - based on combustion with air) and it was a “high” for gravimetric energy density. I provided you the number - 2.5x.
Alkanes react explosively (not very controllable which is needed for propellants) with fluorine and form solid carbon (not desirable - you want to make as much gases as possible).
Anyways - if you want the numbers, I calculated them approximately for you
C8H18 + 9F2 —> 8C + 18HF
Heat of reaction ~ 4700 kJ/g mol
Or 4700 kJ are released per 12x8 + 1x18 + 9x9x2 = 276 g