What exactly are Warrant Officers?

This may be true for the U.S,. Army, but in the Marines, and Navy (not positive about Air Force) there is only one line of advancement at this level. An E-4 in the Marines is Corporal only (an NCO; just to confused things, a “Non Commissioned Officer”), and in the Navy one would be a 3rd Class Petty Officer. They can, would, and are put in leadership positions over other E-4s, depending on the unit.

At a HIGHER level, above Gunnery Sergeany, there can be a split at E-8 - First Sergeant and Master Sergeant (both E-8), and continuing up those two paths to Master Gunnery Sergeant and Sergeant Major at E-9.