Let’s dig in. You know allegory and fable, right? Think about how the Velveteen Rabbit is a poignant story about a talking stuffed animal, but it is really about growing up. “Magical realism” does the same thing, but uses that technique to address complex, nuanced, adult themes.
In Life of Pi you have a story of tiger and a boy and a boat. That the “toy rabbit” level. You also have a larger story about survival (the “growing up” level). This story addresses a lot of themes: fear and uncertainty, embracing the primal and savage to survive, the dangers of solipsism, etc. I don’t think you are really intended to do a in-depth dissection here of what part of the story symbolizes what. It’s not really a one-to-one symbolic thing. It’s more of a dream-like wash of narrative, emotion, and symbolism that should, if the author did it right, feel very evocative and provoke you to meditate on these themes, often drawing your own personal insight from them.
Next comes the other literal story (lots of spoilers in box).
[spoiler]In the end, it is revealed that the tiger and boat story, which the viewer/reader has spent most of the time thinking was the main surface-level story, didn’t happen (or, if you like ambiguity, almost certainly didn’t happen). Instead, the real story of the shipwreck was a pretty brutal one where the boy saw his family die in horrible ways, and then had to resort to killing and cannibalism to survive.
All of the animals are a one-to-one representation of real people, but the storyteller is represented by both the tiger and the boy. The tiger is the primal, survival-oriented, fierce part of him that was needed to do the horrific things he had to endure, and the boy is the “thinking” part of himself, which is surprised and scared by this aspect of himself, but needs to come to terms with it if he is going to make it through. If you are feeling ambitious and spiritual, you can probably expand this line of thought to include the messy stuff we do with our bodies, and the purity of our souls.
So this leads us to the question- why did he tell this crazy far-fetched story about animals rather than telling the truth? It becomes clear the animal story is the story he tells himself to cope. It creates some distance between the horror of what happened, and lets him think about it in a way that he is emotionally able to handle without falling apart. The story with the animals helps him move on with his life and make sense of the world. And when you really think about it, that’s fine. What’s done is done, and there isn’t really any objective need to know the literal story anymore.
Which brings us to spirituality. Through the work, it’s left ambiguous which story is “true.” One is a literal truth, and one is the emotional truth that lives on with the boy- or as he puts it, it is the “better story.”
The implication here (at least, as I see it) is that it’s not useful to ask if spirituality is the literal truth. That’s not the point. It’s an emotional truth that helps us cope with the world and live our lives despite how messy they can get. It helps us organize our thoughts and stay whole emotionally. So, literal truth being irrelevant, believing in God is the “better story.” In a less cynical interpretation, you might say that “God” is all mixed up in whatever part of the spirit that allows us to fit our experiences into narrative, rather than living the un-contemplative lives of animals. This kind of storytelling is literally a part of the human spirit. [/spoiler]
Now, my one claim to fame is I travelled around India with the author’s higher school nemesis, so this may affect my views. I can enjoy Magical Realism at times, but most of the time I find it overused and poorly executed. I found Life of Pi to be a little late-night undergrad philosophy for my tastes. But the author did successfully use innovative but understandable storytelling techniques to say something coherent.