# What makes a city a city? **URL:** \ **Category:** Factual Questions\ **Created:** [December 15, 2000, 12:05am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648 "2000-12-15T00:05:23Z")\ **Posts on this page:** 20\ **Page:** 2
**Author:** ![barbitu8](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/b/839c29/32.png) [@barbitu8](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/barbitu8)\ **Post date:** [December 15, 2000, 5:09pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/21 "2000-12-15T17:09:26Z")
> [@](#): > > \*Originally posted by AWB \* > \*\*In Virginia, if an area incorporates as a city, it is independent of any county; it is basically “divorced” from the county from which it came. It can then set up its own city council and pass its own laws. > > However, the county then provides no services for that area: police, trash, etc. > \*\* This is true of any incorporated municipality in the USA. An unincorporated area is governed by the county and must comply with the buidling regulations, zoning, etc. passed by the county board. Once it is incorporated, it becomes independent of the county and is governed by its own laws. The municipality must then provide the services: police, trash, etc., which the county previously provided. That doesn’t mean, however, that the municipality is not in a county. All states have political subdivisions called “counties,” except La., which hearkens to the French system, and has “parishes.” ---
**Author:** ![DSYoungEsq](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/d/c6cbf5/32.png) [@DSYoungEsq](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/DSYoungEsq)\ **Post date:** [December 15, 2000, 5:13pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/22 "2000-12-15T17:13:11Z")
In Ohio, here are the rules: > [@](#): > > From Ohio Revised Statutes §703.01: > (A) Municipal corporations, which, at the last federal census, had a population of five thousand or more, or five thousand registered resident electors or resident voters as provided in section 703.011 of the Revised Code, are cities. All other municipal corporations are villages. Cities, which, at any federal census, have a population of less than five thousand, shall become villages. Villages, which, at any federal census, have a population of five thousand or more, shall become cities. > [@](#): > > From Ohio Revised Statutes §707.02: {_regarding the requirements for a petition to incorporate a municiple corporation as a village under §707.01_} > © A statement that the area consists of not less than two square miles, includes a population of not less than eight hundred persons per square mile, and has an assessed valuation of real, personal, and public utility property subject, except as otherwise provided in this division, to general property taxation of at least three thousand five hundred dollars per capita. In determining per capita assessed valuation under this division, the assessed valuation of any tangible personal property, buildings, structures, improvements, and fixtures that are exempt from taxation under division (B) of section 5709.081 of the Revised Code shall be added to the assessed valuation of real, personal, and public utility property subject to general property taxation. > [@](#): > > From Ohio Revised Statutes §707.29: > (A) Cities may be incorporated in the manner provided in sections 707.29 and 707.30 of the Revised Code. Application for incorporation of a city shall be made by petition addressed to the board of county commissioners. The territory proposed for incorporation as a city shall meet all of the following criteria: > > ``` > (1) It shall consist of not less than four square miles. > > (2) It shall have a population of not less than twenty-five thousand and a population density of at least one thousand persons per square mile. > > (3) It shall have an assessed valuation of real, personal, and public utility property subject, except as otherwise provided in division (A)(3) of this section, to general property taxation of at least twenty-five hundred dollars per capita. In determining per capita assessed valuation under division (A)(3) of this section, the assessed valuation of any tangible personal property, buildings, structures, improvements, and fixtures that are exempt from taxation under division (B) of section 5709.081 of the Revised Code shall be added to the assessed valuation of real, personal, and public utility property subject to general property taxation. > > (4) It shall not completely surround an existing municipal corporation. > > (5) It shall be contiguous. > > ``` Thus, in Ohio, you can incorporate as a village or city. To incorporate as a city, you need to have at least 25,000 people in the territory to be incorporated, but if you incorporate as a village, and a later census shows you have more than 5,000 residents, you become a city automatically. Hey, **I** didn’t draft this nonsense. Please don’t even get me started on the fact that §703.01 comes under a chapter heading titled: Classification for Mental Plans. ---
**Author:** ![Random](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/r/57b2e6/32.png) [@Random](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Random)\ **Post date:** [December 15, 2000, 5:15pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/23 "2000-12-15T17:15:23Z")
I’ll answer for Illinois, as that’s where Gaudere lives. Illinois divides its municipalities into cities and villages. There are a few older municipalities which still use the designation of “Town of Whatever” under a charter from prior to 1870, but these are rare. Some of these are actually villages or cities, but retain the old name for reasons of tradition. Townships are something else entirely, as someone else has said, and are not municipalities. There are more similarities than differences between the two forms. Villages are not necessarily smaller than cities, although newly-forming cities must generally have 2500 residents, and villages need only have 200 residents. There are special rules for Cook County, and people who live in trailers don’t count. (I am skipping some details.) Villages are run by a seven member Village Board, which includes a Village President. Cities are run by a city council made up of aldermen and a mayor. There are some other minor differences. ---
**Author:** ![barbitu8](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/b/839c29/32.png) [@barbitu8](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/barbitu8)\ **Post date:** [December 15, 2000, 5:45pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/24 "2000-12-15T17:45:19Z")
Just from the point of accuracy, I erred in a prior post when I said ranges are measured N to S. They are actually measured from S to N. There are also “principal meridians” (lying N&S) and “base lines” (lying E&W). Thus, a legal description will give a section number, twp no., range no., E or W of a principal meridian. By numbering the pm, by fixing the base line, and numbering the sections, twps, and ranges, any tract of land can be described. The Earth being curved, there are also correction lines, and all excess land caused by the curvature are accounted for in section 6, which is in the NW corner of the twp. ---
**Author:** ![Random](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/r/57b2e6/32.png) [@Random](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Random)\ **Post date:** [December 15, 2000, 6:54pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/25 "2000-12-15T18:54:01Z")
My post didn’t make one point clear enough. There is no automatic change in the form of government if a village grows. There are villages in Illinois that have over 25,000 residents. Villages don’t become cities unless the villagers (I love that word - always evokes images of torches and pitchforks) want to make the change. ---
**Author:** ![Lance\_Turbo](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/lance_turbo/32/6156_2.png) [@Lance\_Turbo](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Lance_Turbo)\ **Post date:** [December 15, 2000, 8:21pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/26 "2000-12-15T20:21:25Z")
e.g. the Village of Lombard (my home town in Illinois, pop 36000 give or take) ---
**Author:** ![Thrillhouse15](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/t/ad7895/32.png) [@Thrillhouse15](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Thrillhouse15)\ **Post date:** [March 2, 2004, 8:59pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/27 "2004-03-02T20:59:30Z")
> [@AWB](#): > > In Virginia, if an area incorporates as a city, it is independent of any county; it is basically “divorced” from the county from which it came. It can then set up its own city council and pass its own laws. > [@barbitu8](#): > > This is true of any incorporated municipality in the USA. An unincorporated area is governed by the county and must comply with the buidling regulations, zoning, etc. passed by the county board. Once it is incorporated, it becomes independent of the county and is governed by its own laws. The municipality must then provide the services: police, trash, etc., which the county previously provided. > > That doesn’t mean, however, that the municipality is not in a county. All states have political subdivisions called “counties,” except La., which hearkens to the French system, and has “parishes.” I realize this was posted over three years ago, but this is the Straight Dope, and I’d hate for the wrong information to be somewhere on this board. AWB is right: cities in Virginia are completely divorced from the county that surrounds them. This is different than most other cities in the US. In the rest of the country, a city is within a county, but has its own government and services. But it’s still in that county, and shares some things, such as property assessment, and voter registration. In (most of) Missouri, voters in incorporated areas still get to vote for County officials, even the County officials that only have jurisdiction over unincorporated land. Now in Virginia, for some reason, this is different. Cities have absolutely no relationship to any county. They are, in every way, the same as counties, just with a different name and form of government. When a city incorporates, it might as well physically leave the county altogether. A couple other examples of this are Carson City, Baltimore and St. Louis. For details on St. Louis City’s “Great Divorce” from St. Louis County, check out: [http://www.co.st-louis.mo.us/plan/factbook2002/History.pdf](http://www.co.st-louis.mo.us/plan/factbook2002/History.pdf) ---
**Author:** ![Walloon](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/w/fbc32d/32.png) [@Walloon](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Walloon)\ **Post date:** [March 2, 2004, 9:14pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/28 "2004-03-02T21:14:38Z")
> [@barbitu8](#): > > This is true of any incorporated municipality in the USA. An unincorporated area is governed by the county and must comply with the buidling regulations, zoning, etc. passed by the county board. Once it is incorporated, it becomes independent of the county and is governed by its own laws. The municipality must then provide the services: police, trash, etc., which the county previously provided. Whoa there! False, false, false! At least in Wisconsin. County laws still are in effect for any municipality within a Wisconsin county, even the parts of municipalities that lie in two counties. And residents of all municipalities within a county elect the county board, the county sheriff, and pay county taxes. As to the original post, the official _Wisconsin Blue Book_ says: > [@](#): > > Wisconsin’s 190 cities and 395 villages are incorporated under general law. . . In general, minimum population for incorporation as a village is 150 residents for an isolated village and 2,500 for a metropolitan village located in a more densely settled area. For cities, the minimums are 1,000 and 5,000, respectively, but an existing village that exceeds 1,000 population may opt for city status. . . > > Town governments govern those areas of Wisconsin that are not included inside the corporate boundaries of either a city or village. Wisconsin has 1,265 towns. ---
**Author:** ![Exapno\_Mapcase](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/exapno_mapcase/32/1051_2.png) [@Exapno\_Mapcase](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Exapno_Mapcase)\ **Post date:** [March 2, 2004, 9:28pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/29 "2004-03-02T21:28:42Z")
> [@barbitu8](#): > > Jman, are you sure you don’t live in the township of Ithica? Sometimes a township will have the same name as a city in it. Not in New York State. Counties are divided into towns, not townships. Towns can contain villages, towns, or even cities. We’re not like other states. ☹ ---
**Author:** ![desdinova](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/d/8baadc/32.png) [@desdinova](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/desdinova)\ **Post date:** [March 2, 2004, 9:51pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/30 "2004-03-02T21:51:39Z")
> [@barbitu8](#): > > Just from the point of accuracy, I erred in a prior post when I said ranges are measured N to S. They are actually measured from S to N. There are also “principal meridians” (lying N&S) and “base lines” (lying E&W). Thus, a legal description will give a section number, twp no., range no., E or W of a principal meridian. By numbering the pm, by fixing the base line, and numbering the sections, twps, and ranges, any tract of land can be described. The Earth being curved, there are also correction lines, and all excess land caused by the curvature are accounted for in section 6, which is in the NW corner of the twp. If anyone is interested in this, it is referred to as the “Public Land Survey System.” If you ever wondered “we have subdivisions, but from what are they dividing further?” the answer is the PLSS is usually the original division. This doesn’t apply to many parts east of the Mississippi, or most of Texas for that matter. Here in Oklahoma there are no rules related to population of which I’m aware. There are some pretty tiny towns here that the Census Bureau refers to as “cities.” My understanding was always that you got to be called a city here if your community is incorporated, regardless of size or form of government. I used to think that to be called a city you had to have a comprehensive plan, but then I ran into several cities that didn’t have one, or any form of zoning ordinances for that matter. In addition, the only types of communities in Oklahoma are cities or towns (or, I suppose, Census Designated Places but even those communities usually refer to themselves as towns). I have never seen any community ever referred to as a village, and certainly not a borough. I typically just let the Census Bureau determine which communities are which… I’m not aware of any agency that would be able to provide a more definitive answer. ---
**Author:** ![barbitu8](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/b/839c29/32.png) [@barbitu8](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/barbitu8)\ **Post date:** [March 2, 2004, 10:16pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/31 "2004-03-02T22:16:56Z")
> [@desdinova](#): > > If anyone is interested in this, it is referred to as the “Public Land Survey System.” If you ever wondered “we have subdivisions, but from what are they dividing further?” the answer is the PLSS is usually the original division. This doesn’t apply to many parts east of the Mississippi, or most of Texas for that matter. Since the states in the Northwest Territory all lie east of the Miss (except Minnesota) and since all those states follow the above noted surveying measurements, it does apply to all those states. Any survey must have a beginning point, but the original 13 colonies were surveyed in irregular pieces. Unsatisfactory and varied systems were the source of much litigation. So by an Act of April 26, 1785, the Continental Congress provided for the survey of all of the public lands by a rectangular system, which I noted previously. The Ordinance of 1785 contemplated this establishment of base lines and principal meridians. As noted previously, Ohio was the first and therefore the experimental survey. Some errors were made. Whether a municipality can be called a “town,” “city,” or “village” depends upon state law. I live on James Island, which was unincorporated until recently. Many of the residents here wanted to incorporate to prevent the City of Charleston from annexing further lands. On the ballot for or against incorporation, we had the choice of what to call the new entity, a town, city or village. It depended purely upon what the residents wanted. BTW, the measure passed but the City of Charleston is contesting the legality of it, for reasons not important here, and it has prevailed in the lower courts. It will be decided by the state Supreme Court next month. ---
**Author:** ![desdinova](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/d/8baadc/32.png) [@desdinova](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/desdinova)\ **Post date:** [March 2, 2004, 10:48pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/32 "2004-03-02T22:48:43Z")
> [@barbitu8](#): > > Since the states in the Northwest Territory all lie east of the Miss (except Minnesota) and since all those states follow the above noted surveying measurements, it does apply to all those states. Which is why I used the word “many”… ---
**Author:** ![Dogface](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/d/9d8465/32.png) [@Dogface](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Dogface)\ **Post date:** [March 2, 2004, 11:47pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/33 "2004-03-02T23:47:34Z")
In Indiana, the matter is a process. If a territory within the state is not already part of an incorporated town or city can put together a petition of at least 50 owners of land therein and that the territory is used or will, in the reasonably foreseeable future, be used generally for commercial, industrial, residential, or similar purposes; the territory is reasonably compact and contiguous; there is enough undeveloped land in the territory to permit reasonable growth of the town; and incorporation is in the best interests of the citizens of the territory, then that territory can be incorporated into a town. Note that not more than one person per parcel of land can sign, and no person can count more than once. There are then public hearings and the chance for remonstrance. Other requirements must be met, summarized here: [http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title36/ar5/ch1.html](http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title36/ar5/ch1.html) If a town can get a population of at least 2,000, it can hold a vote to become a “third-class city”. A third-class city with a population of at least 35,000 can draft an ordinance to become a “second-class city”. A second-class city with a population of at least 250,000 can draft an ordinance to become a “first-class city”. Each class has more autonomy and taxation power than the lower class. No city can fall below second-class status once that is attained. First-class status can be lost. There is one great big exception to all of the above: Indianapolis. Indianapolis is the entirety of Marion County. Their governments were unified and all municipalities therein were annexed to the entity called “Unigov” by state law in 1970. Lawrence, Speedway, Beech Grove, and Southport maintain some autonomy but also fall under Unigov. ---
**Author:** ![Dogface](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/d/9d8465/32.png) [@Dogface](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Dogface)\ **Post date:** [March 2, 2004, 11:50pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/34 "2004-03-02T23:50:53Z")
> [@barbitu8](#): > > There is some confusion aboutthe term “township.” A little history is necessary. Those states that are now in the “Northwest Territory” (i.e., the states east of the Mississippi, N of the Ohio, & west of Pa.) were laid out in 1787 in a grid fashion, with each box in the grid being one mile square. Each of those boxes are called “sections.” They were measured from east to west and from north to south. Six sections in each direction, and the measurements were again repeated. The six sections square, or 36 sections are called “townships.” > However, now the term “township” may also refer to a political subdivision of a state in some areas of the country. The prior post states that in Pa.it has a definite meaning, defined by statute. Exactly. And in Indiana, the legal townships do not overlap with the survey townships. ---
**Author:** ![Dogface](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/d/9d8465/32.png) [@Dogface](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Dogface)\ **Post date:** [March 2, 2004, 11:52pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/35 "2004-03-02T23:52:26Z")
> [@barbitu8](#): > > Jman, are you sure you don’t live in the township of Ithica? Sometimes a township will have the same name as a city in it. No, he lives in the _town_ of Ithaca. For a decade, I lived in the Village of Ithaca, which was part of the City of Ithaca, which was part of the Town of Ithaca. Each had its own damned governmental overlay. ---
**Author:** ![robby](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/robby/32/11048_2.png) [@robby](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/robby)\ **Post date:** [March 4, 2004, 3:18am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/36 "2004-03-04T03:18:49Z")
In Connecticut (and in Massachusetts and Rhode Island), there is no unincorporated land in the state. Every bit of land lies within a town or a city. Those outside New England would probably equate our towns with “townships,” in that they are subdivisons of counties. There is no longer any substantial county government. Government essentially operates only at the federal, state, and municipal level. Sometimes there are subdivisions within a town, such as villages. For example, the village of Storrs (home of the University of Connecticut) lies within the Town of Mansfield. All municipal functions for Storrs are handled by the Mansfield town government. If a village gets populous enough, it can turn into a city. A city may or may not take up all of the land of the surrounding town. For example, the City of Groton and the village of Noank both lie within the Town of Groton. Some cities are large enough that there is no surrounding town, such as Norwich, New London, or Hartford. ---
**Author:** ![DSYoungEsq](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/d/c6cbf5/32.png) [@DSYoungEsq](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/DSYoungEsq)\ **Post date:** [March 4, 2004, 3:38am UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/37 "2004-03-04T03:38:03Z")
While we are correcting things said many years ago, it might be noted that the impression that the division of the Northwest Territory into townships 6 mi. square, with 36 sections predated the application of the term to older states is incorrect. From [Merriam-Webster Online](http://www.m-w.com) we see that the term “township” is from England. It was originally applied in the colonies and the earlier states (states in which land was sold or granted prior to the North West Ordinance, such as Ohio) in a somewhat haphazard fashion, as local sensibilities and dictates decided. In Ohio, townships are unincorporated administrative subdivisions of counties; technically cities are part of townships unless the township and the city agree to divorce each other. They don’t have any regularity to their size or shape. Just north of me, across the border up there where them Michiganders live, the roads in the country often do the old “section jog,” a ninety degree turn at the junction of section borders, usually follwed by another ninety degree turn the opposite way after 1 mile to continue on in the original direction. In Michigan, the layout of townships and sections described by **barbitu8** was imposed. ---
**Author:** ![Cliffy](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/c/59ef9b/32.png) [@Cliffy](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Cliffy)\ **Post date:** [March 4, 2004, 6:44pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/38 "2004-03-04T18:44:21Z")
> [@Jman](#): > > Gaudere…do you live in NY? > > Anyway, I live in NY now, and it is odd…I live in the TOWN of Ithaca, but not the CITY of Ithaca…I’m about 1/2 mile outside the city limits. It’s odd. I think I remember when the City of Ithaca was incorporated. I went home for the summer one year, and when I got back there were signs saying Ithaca was a city. Three months later a city cop pulled me over for a moving violation! :mad: –Cliffy ---
**Author:** ![barbitu8](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/b/839c29/32.png) [@barbitu8](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/barbitu8)\ **Post date:** [March 4, 2004, 10:33pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/39 "2004-03-04T22:33:47Z")
> [@DSYoungEsq](#): > > While we are correcting things said many years ago, it might be noted that the impression that the division of the Northwest Territory into townships 6 mi. square, with 36 sections predated the application of the term to older states is incorrect. From [Merriam-Webster Online](http://www.m-w.com) we see that the term “township” is from England. It was originally applied in the colonies and the earlier states (states in which land was sold or granted prior to the North West Ordinance, such as Ohio) in a somewhat haphazard fashion, as local sensibilities and dictates decided. The states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota comprised the Northwest Territory, claimed by Virginia and in part by Connecticut, Massachusetts and New york. Massachusetts deeded its western claims to the US in 1785. Some grants were made by Connecticut in northern Ohio, the “Firelands.” There were French grants at Vincennes, Indiana, and Kaskasia, Illinois. Virginia also made the George Rogers Clark grants in Indiana and grants to the Ohio Compnay in Ohio. NY, Conn., and Mass. ceded to the US between 1780 and 1800. The principal cession was made by Virginia in 1785. [Source Clark,\* op.cit.\*.] ---
**Author:** ![plnnr](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/p/7ea924/32.png) [@plnnr](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/plnnr)\ **Post date:** [March 5, 2004, 1:48pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648/40 "2004-03-05T13:48:46Z")
“Now in Virginia, for some reason, this is different. Cities have absolutely no relationship to any county. They are, in every way, the same as counties, just with a different name and form of government. When a city incorporates, it might as well physically leave the county altogether.” You’re correc that cities are completely independent political subdivisions here in VA. There are only three forms of municipal government here, and all are independent of each other: counties, towns, and cities. Cities and towns are granted charters by the General Assembly - their powers are explicitly laid out within those charters. Towns and the surrounding counties (the Town of Ashland, which lies within Hanover County, for instance) reach agreements over the provisions of municipal services. Ashland has no police force - it relies on the Hanover County Sheriff’s Department for law enforcement, for example. As to how a County becomes a City, what happens is that the County is granted a charter by the GA and incorporates as a City, it doesn’t “leave” the County - the County “becomes” the City. For instance, Princess Anne County became the City of Virginia Beach, and Nansemond County became the City of Suffolk. The boundaries remained the exact same - the only difference was the form of government (from Board of Supervisors with County Administrator to City Council with City Manager). [Previous page](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648.md?page=1) [Next page](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/what-makes-a-city-a-city/45648.md?page=3)