Hi, I_D_B_B -
Modal Monarchianism is an understanding of the Trinity that was (I was mildly shocked to discover) officially declared a heresy in AD 260 with the excommunication of Sabellius.
It teaches that the three Persons of the Trinity - Father, Son, and Holy Spirit - are simply modes, or faces, that the one God presents to the universe, when He acts in different ways. In its strictest form, it denies the Trinity.
I don’t go that far, but I usually think of the Trinity in that way. I don’t try to insist on it, since I think that most attempts to define the nature of God wind up insisting on points that don’t make any more sense than the ones they are trying to refute. See the early history of Arianism vs. Athanasianism, Nestorianism, etc., etc.
I like the analogy of Modal Monarchianism - and I don’t think of it as anything more than an analogy - because it ties into another of my theories about how God interacts with non-Christians.
I believe that everyone is confronted with the choice of following Christ all the time. We can always choose whether or not to follow Him, even in situations where it is not clear that this is Who is confronting us. A devout atheist, for instance, can be confronted with the choice whether or not to follow some moral action. It may not look like Jesus to him. It looks, instead, like the choice between acting morally and acting immorally. If he chooses the moral action - especially if he does so because he sees the self-evident Truth of the universal moral principle - he is following Christ, and is therefore a Christian, whether he knows it or not.
In the same way, I could be going to church twice a week, and tithing, and doing all that, but if I am not accepting the light of the Holy Spirit, which is God at work in the universe, I am no Christian.
So Modal Monarchianism looks to me like an acknowledgement that God is at work in the universe in a multiplicity of different ways - and that He could even be speaking thru Muhammed, Baha’ullah, Buddha, or even Zeus. This is not an attempt to define God’s nature, just the way that we can experience Him.
Deism is less obscure. Official Deists claim that although God created the Universe, He does not interact with it. He started things off, and now stands back to watch. The Deists tended to reject all revealed religion, and relied on “natural” religion, a belief in a universal moral law taught by various moral teachers (Jesus among them), and that everything can be explained by reference to natural law - no miracles.
I only tend in that direction, in that I don’t think that God micro-manages the universe. We have, for instance, the consequences of our own free-will choices to deal with, both for ourselves and others, and if God were to protect us too much from those, we would not have free will in any significant sense. I also think that, even if there had been no sin, there would still be pain and death in the physical sense. Even if Eve had never eaten the fruit (it’s a symbolic story, but even if what it symbolized were not true), we would still be confronted with the necessities of a limited universe. Since we would accept all things as from the hand of God, our attitudes would be radically different, and since we would not need to deal with the consequences of sin, life would be very much different from what it is now, and would have been different for all of human history, but we would still age, get sick, and die.
Not very short, is it? Sorry.
Regards,
Shodan