Do you mean micro-USB? Those are increasingly uncommon now, with USB-C being the newer replacement. Most Android phones have moved to it, and Apple uses it for everything except iPhones now, and even iPhones 16+ now use USB-C instead of Lightning (their proprietary connector).
The charging situation is a terrible mess, though. There is basically no guarantee that a random USB C charger and/or cable will properly charge your phone in a reasonable amount of time. Better to bring your own.
That is not my experience. I’ve generally found that every usb-c charger works with every USB-C device, except for certain high-amperage laptops. We used to have a morass of standards, but now if I’m working with a group, we can pretty much all share. Also, the new phones are good at regulating how much power they will accept and are less subject to “too much amperage” risks than back in the bag old days.
Hmm, mine has been the exact opposite. Not all USB-C chargers support USB Power Delivery, they all have different output wattages to begin with, some of them will share power when 2+ devices are plugged in, not all cables are the same, etc. I’ve owned probably a few dozen USB-C devices and almost as many chargers, from 10W to 100W, and none of them are what I’d consider simple or reliable.
Probably they will all charge your basic phone, slowly, eventually, but if you have a more demanding phone and you’re using it actively (GPS, gaming, large file transfers, etc.), some chargers won’t be able to keep up. And sometimes it depends on what else is plugged into the same charger, and what kind of cable you have, and whether some of the data lines in it have been compromised over time and can’t be used to negotiate higher wattages… ugh.
That part’s matched my experiences too. It’s getting too little power that’s usually the issue. It can be the difference between a usable 40% 20-min quick charge and something that barely goes up 2% in that same amount of time.
You can get a USB-C to 3.5mm audio adapter for something like $5. There’s no need to limit your choice of phones just to be able to use old headphones. When I got my first phone without an audio jack, I bought 2 or 3 of those adapters and stuck one on each of my headphone cords, where they lived permanently so I’d never need to look for them.
If you want to use a headphone jack, it’s nice not to have a dongle you can lose, and it’s nice to be able to charge it at the same time. I’ve moved to Bluetooth, but if i were still using a wired device, I’d be shopping for a phone that supported it.
In my case, I’d prefer to have the headphone jack on the phone. Buying an adapter would essentially be a one-time use. I’d either lose it or not have it with me the next time I needed it. But, of course, everyone is different. There are advantages to phones with no ports as well (like better waterproofed). But for me, I’d get more benefit from built-in headphone and USB ports than I do from not having them.
I once felt the same way, and was annoyed that phones with 3.5mm jacks were getting hard to find. But as I said, you can just attach the dongle to your headphone cord and leave it there. You can’t lose it that way. Yes it’s a one-time use; you’re effectively paying $5 to convert your headphone cord from 3.5mm to USB. But of course that’s just my opinion and you should use what works best for your use cases.
But now your phone is a quarter inch longer and has a funny bump that catches on things. I have usb singles that live in my laptops, except i take them out when i travel with the laptop because they become a nuisance. I travel with my phone every day. 
On the other hand, I’ve been happy with Bluetooth.
No, your headphone cable is longer (more like about an inch, but it’s mostly flexible so just acts like part of the cable). There’s no reason to leave the dongle plugged into the phone.
Well, I suppose like @puzzlegal’s digression about edge use cases of phones, here opinions will vary as well.
Personally, I don’t consider bluetooth (even though by now it is supposedly mature tech) a satisfying alternative to standard headphones.
However, add in a converter (USB C → 3.5mm TRS), and it might as well be the same as using a headphone amp…
Deep sigh…it’s complicated!
I just like the convenience of being able to use my Grados or AKGs, which don’t really need a preamp…or to work with my Tascam DR-40x.
Actually, I need that 3.5mm TRRS to work with a cheap little Movo Shotgun boom mic, which turns my little Samsung A14 into video+sound using a handheld grip with a cold mount.
Don’t ask me more about that…I’m not really an A/V geek, but it is convenient as a…kind of a camcorder with a dedicated microphone…
And then the other portion … storage? What do I care how many GBs of storage a phone has, so long as I can control it via a MicroSD card? Unlimited! That’s what I want.
Memory’s a separate issue, of course…but I find most applications are pretty well tuned to survive on whatever amount of RAM one’s phone might have. Maybe MS Edge gets bogged down with twenty tabs open, but generally not an issue, at least in my case.
So, it seems the OP is really dedicated to wireless charging, and not spending a bunch on what is a disposable bit of frippery.
I would think any wireless-charging-capable phone could easily use USB-C as an alternative means, but am not sure.
I do note with approbation the above posters who get different results with different USB-C cables and power supplies…I get different results with different cables, sometimes…but I’ve not tested this to any relevant degree.
With normal use my A14 will run for days without even seeing a charger…but then again I have location off, and no notifications for anything except text messages, although I browse the web, use banking portals, work portal, email, FB, Insta, lots of business-specific apps (food, services), so the phone does get used…am just conservative in choosing what and when and where I want to use it.