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I’m not sure most of us would agree with Noam Chumpsky on what a liberal or a conservative is. He’d probably tag Sandino and Olentzero as centrists.
My personal experience is that the social sciences are pretty darn liberal, esp. sociology and anthropology. Economics is split into thirds.
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Steven Pinker, in ‘The Blank Slate’ gives a good account of how left wing people can be just as obstinate in denying Evolution as right wing theologicals. So I don’t think people on the left have
a good claim to being more willing to be open-minded to evidence and theories that threaten to undermine their political principles.
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I think it is true that the personality types that go into academia are more likely to be interested in analyzing, dissecting, and engineering Things. For many disciplines, Things’ are sub-atomic particles or jellyfish. Thus we would not expect natural scientists to be much more liberal than average. But when the Things are ‘human nature’ or ‘society’ then…
3a) We would expect academics to be irreverent towards established institutions. This does not imply liberalism, but rather radicalism and utopian tendencies. The irreverence towards the status quo is, in my mind, equally compatible with being a radical luddite, a radical statist socialist, a radical anarcho-socialist, a radical fascist, or a radical libertarian. In short, academics tend to be free-thinkers and free-thinkers tend to be more radical than average.
3b) Part of the academic mindset is liking to tinker with things, to build and modify. Radical theological social engineering is, in the West at least, antithetical to the separation of Church and State. Radical fascist social engineering is tainted due to our having fought the fascists in WWII, having eliminated those systems at the heights of their crimes, before they could become more moderate as Communism did post Stalin/Mao. Radical socialist social engineering has not been as tainted, both because Communism helped defeat fascism, because we never fought a life-or-death hot war against an equally powerful Communist foe, and because Communism mellowed in it’s dotage. Therefore, academic Communists, socialists, and fellow-travelers are emboldened and tolerated.
3c) Academia stresses creativity, abstraction, and elegant logic. Even in the Humanities, which have a greater reverence for the past than most other disciplines, someone who says of Shakespeare “I’ve nothing new to add about Homer. The 5,000 published articles pretty much cover all the bases. The meaning of Homer is a nuanced topic, so nuanced in fact that it’s ineffable. In fact, I often find myself in a vacilating muddle on what to think of Homer.” isn’t long for this world. But life is often like that. Complex and muddled. And, if millions of people have been doing something some way for hundreds of years, there’s probably some kind of good reason, though it may not be obvious. Thus some academics get ahead in life by disrespecting traditions, whereas non-academics are less likely to.
3d) Finally, it’s human nature to think the abilities that define your life and role in society are more important than the abilities that define other roles in society. Academics will therefore tend to think that ‘book smarts’ are more important other qualities. They will be attracted to political ideologies which flatter them by making book smarts central. These will tend to be political conceptions which are Statist and Centralized.