I clearly recall it from my childhood, certainly as early as 1966 or 1967.
On ‘THE HOMECOMING’ the pilot for the Waltons, IIRC, c. 1971, Edgar Bergen said “You’re not the boss of me, Old Woman!” to his wife.
That’s all I got.
My sister used it when she was very young. As she was born in 1978, she would have started using it around 1981-1982. I’d assume it unlikely that she invented it herself.
I was born in 1971 and do not recall using it; in fact, I found the phrase unusual when my sister used it and at first I assumed it was something she had come up with.