Battle of Fort Eben-Emael, May 10th 1940.
Fifty-six German glider-borne assault troops landed atop Fort Eben-Emael – at the time considered to be the largest fortress in the world – and used shaped charges to disable the fort’s 75mm guns.
Within hours, over 1000 Belgian soldiers surrendered to a much smaller German force; the neutralization of Eben-Emael was a crucial step in the German invasion of Belgium.
True, of course, but strictly applying the criteria in the OP would rule out almost all the examples given in the thread. With few exceptions, only relatively obscure battles are likely to be better known for a particular weapon than for other things.
I looked that up, and it hardly counts. They shot it up with conventional surface weapons while it was surfaced and tied up at dock.
Though I do recall several episodes in the 70s and 80’s when presumably Russian subs were located and even fired upon in Scandinavian coastal waters, I think mostly Norway and Sweden. But I never heard that either side did any actual damage to the other.