In the vein of the OP, Carthage was founded by Phoenicians, whose largest city was Tyre (along with Sidon and Byblos). While most dopers can name at least Tyre, I don’t think it’s nearly as well known to most people as Carthage.
Portland, OR, is named for Portland, ME (itself named for Portland, UK). One of the co-founders was from Portland, ME. Definitely a lot more famous.
Better stop there.