# White liberals dumb themselves down when they speak to black people, a new study contends **URL:** \ **Category:** Great Debates\ **Created:** [December 4, 2018, 4:25pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553 "2018-12-04T16:25:30Z")\ **Posts on this page:** 20\ **Page:** 3
**Author:** ![Ravenman](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/ravenman/32/2929_2.png) [@Ravenman](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Ravenman)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 6:44pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/41 "2018-12-04T18:44:38Z")
I, for one, am greatly relieved that people of a certain fringe political stripe don’t “dumb down” their language when they speak to black people about their fondness for the Confederacy and how Abraham Lincoln was the worst president ever. That would be patronizing! ---
**Author:** ![WillFarnaby](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/willfarnaby/32/514_2.png) [@WillFarnaby](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/WillFarnaby)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 6:46pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/42 "2018-12-04T18:46:23Z")
> [@Joey\_P](#): > > Before asking that question you have to show that tailoring a speech for your audience (or in this case using fewer words from a given set of words) is the same as a “lower level of discourse”. Why did the individuals think they needed to make a speech differently for whites and blacks? Why did that tailoring include using words like “sad” for “Lakisha” and “melancholy” for “Emily”? ---
**Author:** ![WillFarnaby](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/willfarnaby/32/514_2.png) [@WillFarnaby](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/WillFarnaby)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 6:49pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/43 "2018-12-04T18:49:41Z")
> [@Buck\_Godot](#): > > For those interested in the source material[here it is](https://psyarxiv.com/pv2ab/). > > It’s an interesting study and discussion, that is poorly represented by a simple headline. It wasn’t so much the liberals talked down to African American audiences, (ie I don’t want to use the word melecholy because they wouldn’t understand me) it is rather that they didn’t use words that promoted their own competence (ie I don’t want to use the word melancholy because it might sound like I’m trying to boast about my erudition.). Basically liberals were more concerned than conservatives with using language that might suggest their superiority when they were talking with blacks than when they were talking with other whites, while Conservatives were not so worried, and in some cases appeared more likely to to want to use words indicating their competence with blacks than when talking with whites. > > They also found that there was a moderate negative interaction between “warmth” words and “competence” words, and that conservatives seem to be less likely to use warmth words with blacks than they are with whites, while there is no such significant change in liberals. > > So basically white liberals were worried about appearing cold and like a know-it-all when talking to blacks, while conservatives either didn’t care, or to some extent wanted to demonstrate their superiority. > > I would also say that the statistics is a bit sketchy from a multiple comparisons point of view. They looked at 3 different measures of conservativeness in 5 different studies, and only found a few cases where the interaction between conservativeness and competence words was statistically significant (p\<0.05) but the trends in the multiple studies seemed in the same direction so a meta analysis would probably show overall significance. Why did they think blacks would react negatively from a show of competence? ---
**Author:** ![iiandyiiii](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/iiandyiiii/32/7924_2.png) [@iiandyiiii](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/iiandyiiii)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 6:53pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/44 "2018-12-04T18:53:47Z")
> [@WillFarnaby](#): > > I brought it up because I don’t understand why someone would choose to use that when communicating with someone considering that it is associated with lower incomes. I don’t think it is compassionate to encourage use of a dialect when doing so could bring poor economic outcomes. So you really believe that the linguistic structure and vocabulary of a dialect is a causative factor related to economic achievement? That seems… strange, to me. Especially when considering the likelihood (discussed in a thread I started a while back - I can link later) that when educators ignore the existence and significance of AAVE, many black students suffer considerably lower educational achievement. But when educators take AAVE into account, and treat it as a real dialect rather than “poor English”, then those students do considerably better. Seems to me that you’ve got it exactly backwards - taking AAVE into account and treating it like a real dialect probably results in much better things for black people than ignoring its existence and/or treating it like “poor English”. ---
**Author:** ![VinylTurnip](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/v/b2d939/32.png) [@VinylTurnip](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/VinylTurnip)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 6:58pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/45 "2018-12-04T18:58:02Z")
Study notwithstanding, I would like to assure all of my black peers that when I speak to you, I am exactly as dumb as I appear to be. ---
**Author:** ![Joey\_P](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/j/919ad9/32.png) [@Joey\_P](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Joey_P)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 7:10pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/46 "2018-12-04T19:10:38Z")
> [@WillFarnaby](#): > > Why did the individuals think they needed to make a speech differently for whites and blacks? A)I don’t know B)You’re not going to back me into a corner like that. C)There’s an 84 page study, perhaps they mention it somewhere. What I think would be the next logical step is to see how repeatable this study is. A couple independent groups can do a similar study (similar enough to be considered ‘repeating the study’) and see if they get the same results. > [@](#): > > Why did that tailoring include using words like “sad” for “Lakisha” and “melancholy” for “Emily”? Because the authors hand picked those specific words and names when looking at speech transcripts (words) and setting up their hypothetical tests (names). That would be a question for them. Whether they did that ‘blind’ or did it in hopes of a result, I don’t know. Something else, maybe they could count how many times each word (not their words, all words) are used in all those speeches. It might be interesting to see what other words are used more or less for certain groups instead of a small handful of words. ---
**Author:** ![HurricaneDitka](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/h/96bed5/32.png) [@HurricaneDitka](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/HurricaneDitka)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 7:15pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/47 "2018-12-04T19:15:57Z")
> [@Little\_Nemo](#): > > Conservative poster cites results of conservative study that finds conservatives are better people. Which is quite a refreshing change from our usual fare of liberal posters citing results of liberal studies that find liberals are better people. Variety, it’s the spice of life. ---
**Author:** ![Buck\_Godot](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/buck_godot/32/6573_2.png) [@Buck\_Godot](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Buck_Godot)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 7:23pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/48 "2018-12-04T19:23:09Z")
> [@WillFarnaby](#): > > Why did they think blacks would react negatively from a show of competence? If I elucidate my thoughts in the following manner than I might give the erroneous impression that rather than reach a level of comity with my audience that I was attempting to demonstrate my intellectual proficiency and evoke the notion that I am putting on airs, regardless of their ability to comprehend my meaning. But if I talk like this then it makes it easier to tell that I am friendly and don’t feel in any way better than they are, If I am aware of the fact that there is distrust of me among a disadvantaged group I may go out of my way to show that I am inclusive. OR probably put better > [@From the paper](#): > > High-status group members are aware that low-status groups can see their group as racist (Vorauer, Hunter, Main, & O’Connell, 2000; Vorauer, Main, & O’Connell, 1998)—or cold, more generally; this may be why, when interacting with minorities, Whites wish to appear likeable (Bergsieker, Shelton, & Richeson, 2012). However, some Whites may feel more concerned than others about how they appear in the eyes of minorities. Whites with the most egalitarian attitudes might be those who most desire to connect with minorities—but still lack the skills to act on their well-intentioned beliefs. Whites who do have concerns about appearing nonprejudiced tend to feel more anxiety and less enjoyment in interracial contexts (Shelton, 2003; Shelton, West, & Trail, 2010; Vorauer, Main, & O’Connell, 1998). > > More generally, socio-political attitudes are linked with Whites’ intergroup prejudice and discrimination (Ho, Sidanius, Cuddy, & Banaji, 2013; Jost, Banaji, & Nosek, 2004; Knowles, Lowery, Hogan & Chow, 2009; Kteily, Cotterill, Sidanius, Sheehy-Skeffington, & Bergh, 2014; Thompsen, Green, & Sidanius, 2008). As such, those who describe themselves as lowest in socio-political conservatism (i.e., the most liberal) may be most likely to want to affiliate and therefore adjust their responses in outgroup (versus ingroup) settings. So basically white liberals are trying to hard not to sound condescending and in the process are actually being condescending. ---
**Author:** ![Ravenman](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/ravenman/32/2929_2.png) [@Ravenman](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Ravenman)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 7:24pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/49 "2018-12-04T19:24:17Z")
> [@HurricaneDitka](#): > > Which is quite a refreshing change from our usual fare of liberal posters citing results of liberal studies that find liberals are better people. Variety, it’s the spice of life. Which obviously explains these quotes from the article: > [@](#): > > Their conservative counterparts, meanwhile, appear not to employ these stereotypes in the same way, as Dupree said, because, “we know empirically that white conservatives are less likely to be interested in getting along with racial minorities.” . . . > > In tracking the word choices made by white Republican and Democratic presidential candidates before white and black voters, her sample size was limited primarily by “the number of speeches in which Republican presidential candidates showed up for black audiences,” she said. … > > "Despite the patronizing behavior that they enact, these liberal candidates may hold more goodwill toward minorities.” Yay conservatives! You really won this study! ---
**Author:** ![HurricaneDitka](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/h/96bed5/32.png) [@HurricaneDitka](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/HurricaneDitka)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 7:27pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/50 "2018-12-04T19:27:02Z")
> [@Ravenman](#): > > Which obviously explains these quotes from the article: Yay conservatives! You really won this study! I’m used to us not “winning” studies. Academia has bias. That’s not news to me. ---
**Author:** ![Shodan](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/s/9f8e36/32.png) [@Shodan](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Shodan)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 7:30pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/51 "2018-12-04T19:30:14Z")
> [@Buck\_Godot](#): > > If I elucidate my thoughts in the following manner than I might give the erroneous impression that rather than reach a level of comity with my audience that I was attempting to demonstrate my intellectual proficiency and evoke the notion that I am putting on airs, regardless of their ability to comprehend my meaning. [Oh stewardess - I speak jive](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0080339/characters/nm0082511). Golly, Shodan ---
**Author:** ![Buck\_Godot](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/buck_godot/32/6573_2.png) [@Buck\_Godot](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Buck_Godot)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 7:31pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/52 "2018-12-04T19:31:23Z")
> [@Joey\_P](#): > > Because the authors hand picked those specific words and names when looking at speech transcripts (words) and setting up their hypothetical tests (names). > That would be a question for them. Whether they did that ‘blind’ or did it in hopes of a result, I don’t know. It sounds like for the speeches, the words were picked out a priori from another publication and so effectively blind. > [@](#): > > Competence and warmth dictionaries were created to measure participants’ self-presentation in participants’ introductions. The competence dictionary was derived from published lists of agentic words and from LIWC’s power dictionary, which includes 518 words relevant to status, dominance, and social hierarchy (e.g., assertive, competitive; Gaucher, Friesen, & Kay, 2011; Pennebaker, Booth, Boyd, & Francis, 2015; Rudman & Kolinski, 2000). The warmth dictionary was derived from published lists of communal words and from LIWC’s affiliation dictionary, which includes 248 words that reference others (e.g., supportive, compassionate; Gaucher, Friesen, & Kay, 2011; Pennebaker, Booth, Boyd, & Francis, 2015; Rudman & Killianski, 2000).2 ---
**Author:** ![Little\_Nemo](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/little_nemo/32/3120_2.png) [@Little\_Nemo](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Little_Nemo)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 7:42pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/53 "2018-12-04T19:42:05Z")
> [@HurricaneDitka](#): > > Which is quite a refreshing change from our usual fare of liberal posters citing results of liberal studies that find liberals are better people. Variety, it’s the spice of life. Is this thread about a liberal study? No. So why would I bring up the topic of liberal studies? ---
**Author:** ![Buck\_Godot](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/buck_godot/32/6573_2.png) [@Buck\_Godot](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Buck_Godot)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 7:52pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/54 "2018-12-04T19:52:21Z")
> [@Shodan](#): > > [Oh stewardess - I speak jive](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0080339/characters/nm0082511). > > Golly, > Shodan Missing the point. The “competent words” weren’t just big words that should be avoided around blacks because they are stupid people couldn’t understand them. They were words that are used by the speaker to signal high ability and status. Basically one-upsmanship words. Liberal whites are acutely aware that many whites are racist and consider themselves superior to blacks, and are terrified of being thought of in that way, so they avoid using words that are and terrified of giving the impression that they think themselves superior and so they avoided these words when talking to African Americans, and would instead use more “warmth” words that would indicate that they wanted to indicate community and non-competitiveness. And yes doing so, despite the best intentions, is a bit condescending. ---
**Author:** ![GIGObuster](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/gigobuster/32/421_2.png) [@GIGObuster](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/GIGObuster)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 8:21pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/55 "2018-12-04T20:21:11Z")
FWIW this commentary from the linked article deals with what a study like that can miss. > [@R. K. Prince](#): > > I am a university instructor in the so called Rust Belt. I happen to be an Ivy League trained individual who just happens to be African American. The follow email exchange was between myself and a female student who I know to also be African American. I had just sent out a study guide with instructions about the final exam. The student attempted to gain insight. > > Student: So for the final exam it will like some videos we have to watch or links and some questions to answer to it > Me: Forgive me but I don’t understand what you are asking. > You wrote: “So for the final exam it will like some videos we have to watch or links and some questions to answer to it.” > I don’t understand. Please try to explain. > Student’s reply: “I’m sorry was writing this n trying to help my daughter. But what I was saying was so the final will be like some links followed by some questions?” > > This student is a freshman and I have found it typical of recent high school graduates from lower income area high schools to not have the proper training in writing and the other communication skills needed to complete for white collar post undergraduate level jobs. The fact that she is black really doesn’t matter because I have an equal number of white and Hispanic students who all write like they talk i.e. phonetical spelling and grammar. > > My point is this: studies like this are as wrong as they are right. I would venture to say that most African Americans have these issues, but that most Americans, regardless of race, have the same problems. All forms of communication from the dominant group (upper class white men ) to the minorities (lower classes, racial subgroups, women) are “dumbed down.” \*\*This is how Trump was (and is) able to effectively communicate with his base. This Ivy League educated man confessed off the top that he “loved the uneducated.” And he communicates through lowest common denominator (Twitter), and by using cute little third grade level monikers (Crooked Hillary, Lyin’ Ted, etc). \*\* [Bold added] I noted before that some conservatives elsewhere in the SDMB disparaged science in general, when a lot of the issues come from troubles replicating psychology or medicine studies. On previous discussions it was clear to me that there were troubles and issues, but nowhere as bad as critics assumed. But while one has to consider the field and the study should not be rejected, it should not guide all conclusions until more studies and data are available. IMHO this has to be taken as a single study should be taken in science: with interest and with more research needed. But a single study is not enough to make overreaching conclusions. ---
**Author:** ![E-DUB](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/e-dub/32/403_2.png) [@E-DUB](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/E-DUB)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 8:46pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/56 "2018-12-04T20:46:43Z")
I don’t think it’s a racial thing, most liberals do that when talking to conservatives these days. ---
**Author:** ![WillFarnaby](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/willfarnaby/32/514_2.png) [@WillFarnaby](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/WillFarnaby)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 8:49pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/57 "2018-12-04T20:49:11Z")
> [@iiandyiiii](#): > > So you really believe that the linguistic structure and vocabulary of a dialect is a causative factor related to economic achievement? That seems… strange, to me. > > Especially when considering the likelihood (discussed in a thread I started a while back - I can link later) that when educators ignore the existence and significance of AAVE, many black students suffer considerably lower educational achievement. But when educators take AAVE into account, and treat it as a real dialect rather than “poor English”, then those students do considerably better. > > Seems to me that you’ve got it exactly backwards - taking AAVE into account and treating it like a real dialect probably results in much better things for black people than ignoring its existence and/or treating it like “poor English”. Look. I didn’t say to ignore anything. As one person, speaking to another person, I would not adopt an outgroup dialect or otherwise encourage its use to that person. Why? I know that as a person in 2018, if you use that dialect, you may have trouble getting a job or interacting with someone it would benefit you to interact with. Are you seriously suggesting someone using AAVE has an equal chance at economic advancement? If I was speaking to someone about to go live in Japan, I would not encourage them to speak Joe Pesci English over there and start some campaign to have it recognized as a form of communication that is equal to their prevailing dialect. No. I give advice and encouragement about practically maneuvering through societies towards success. I don’t stamp my foot indignantly and encourage the use of a dialect I don’t speak myself. HBCUs do not encourage the use of AAVE in the departments I am familiar with. What makes you think you know better? ---
**Author:** ![iiandyiiii](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/iiandyiiii/32/7924_2.png) [@iiandyiiii](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/iiandyiiii)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 8:51pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/58 "2018-12-04T20:51:58Z")
> [@WillFarnaby](#): > > Look. I didn’t say to ignore anything. As one person, speaking to another person, I would not adopt an outgroup dialect or otherwise encourage its use to that person. Why? I know that as a person in 2018, if you use that dialect, you may have trouble getting a job or interacting with someone it would benefit you to interact with. Are you seriously suggesting someone using AAVE has an equal chance at economic advancement? > > If I was speaking to someone about to go live in Japan, I would not encourage them to speak Joe Pesci English over there and start some campaign to have it recognized as a form of communication that is equal to their prevailing dialect. No. I give advice and encouragement about practically maneuvering through societies towards success. I don’t stamp my foot indignantly and encourage the use of a dialect I don’t speak myself. > > HBCUs do not encourage the use of AAVE in the departments I am familiar with. What makes you think you know better? Taking the dialect of the audience into account when crafting a message isn’t encouraging anything. It’s just trying to make one’s message more accessible. ---
**Author:** ![WillFarnaby](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/willfarnaby/32/514_2.png) [@WillFarnaby](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/WillFarnaby)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 9:24pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/59 "2018-12-04T21:24:03Z")
> [@iiandyiiii](#): > > Taking the dialect of the audience into account when crafting a message isn’t encouraging anything. It’s just trying to make one’s message more accessible. Take that video of Hillary Clinton trying to adopt an altered way of speaking while on the stump. The idea that this is a respectable way to interact with people is very foreign to me. I wasn’t the audience for that speech, though. If you are not a genuine speaker of AAVE, I would advise against its use in the company of those who are. You will likely get many sideward glances. ---
**Author:** ![HurricaneDitka](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/h/96bed5/32.png) [@HurricaneDitka](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/HurricaneDitka)\ **Post date:** [December 4, 2018, 9:27pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553/60 "2018-12-04T21:27:22Z")
> [@Little\_Nemo](#): > > Is this thread about a liberal study? No. So why would I bring up the topic of liberal studies? Actually, I think it might be about a liberal study. Here are some of the comments in this thread about the study: > [@EscAlaMike](#): > > [Here’s a link to the actual study from Yale](http://insights.som.yale.edu/insights/white-liberals-present-themselves-as-less-competent-in-interactions-with-african-americans) > > The authors of the study seem to presume that white liberals are “less biased” and more “well-intentioned”. > [@WillFarnaby](#): > > Do they offer any support in favor of the “well-intentioned” part? Seems like a projection of the authors own political preferences. > [@WillFarnaby](#): > > Except the study authors bend over backwards to explain why conservatives are bigoted and liberals are still “well-intentioned”. I don’t know if they are conservative, but I doubt it. > [@Ravenman](#): > > Which obviously explains these quotes from the article: > > > [@](#): > > > > Their conservative counterparts, meanwhile, appear not to employ these stereotypes in the same way, as Dupree said, because, “we know empirically that white conservatives are less likely to be interested in getting along with racial minorities.” . . . > > > > In tracking the word choices made by white Republican and Democratic presidential candidates before white and black voters, her sample size was limited primarily by “the number of speeches in which Republican presidential candidates showed up for black audiences,” she said. … > > > > "Despite the patronizing behavior that they enact, these liberal candidates may hold more goodwill toward minorities.” > > Yay conservatives! You really won this study! [Previous page](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553.md?page=2) [Next page](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/white-liberals-dumb-themselves-down-when-they-speak-to-black-people-a-new-study-contends/825553.md?page=4)