Harry Houdini.
Regards,
Shodan
Charles and Camilla.
Katharine Hepburn was married to and divorced from Ludlow Ogden Smith.
Say, would Asta count as a child?
Seriously, though, how many couples stay together long-term, without kids and without a “child surrogate” pet?
Charles Laughton and Elsa Lanchester
Not exactly world famous but NZ prime minister, Helen Clark, has been married since 1981 and not a kid to be seen.
Then they don’t count, because they have children.
The Prime Minister of New Zealand is a woman? Awesome! The U.S. needs to get with the times. 
Adam
The second woman prime minister in a row even. 
Not that they are any better then the blokes really.
Wait until 2008. I’m laying odds Hillary Clinton will run, but whether or not she gets elected is another matter.
Amusing. I suspect people with children might also want to write children’s books but are stymied over the idea of someone reading their book every night for months at a time. Didn’t Calvin’s dad (of the comic strip *Calvin and Hobbs * fame) once mutter that all childrens’ authors should be forced to read their books nightly?
Edgar Allen Poe was married once and engaged at the time of his death but had no children.
Actor Robert Preston had one of the longest marriages in Hollywood (about 50 years) but no kids.
A few others:
Cole and Linda Porter
Charles II and Catherine of Braganza (though he compensated by having children with every other woman at court)
Henry VIII & Anne of Cleves/Katherine Howard/Katherine Parr
Sarah Bernhardt was married to “the wickedest man in Paris” Jacques Damala, but her only child was born out of wedlock years before
Juan and Ev[it]a Duarte Peron (allegedly because of a botched abortion in her youth, though he had no children by his other two wives either [he did have at least one illegitimate son])
Hernando de Soto and Isabella de Bobadilla (he had numerous children with mistresses)
George Harrison and (first wife) Patty Boyd (who also had no children with her second husband, Eric Clapton)
Annie Oakley and Frank Butler
JFK2 and Carolyn Bessette
Charles Stratton (aka General Tom Thumb) and Lavinia Warren (though Barnum several times started the rumor that she was pregnant and offered them $100,000 if they would actually have a child- Lavinia had two sisters who were “little people” [I hate that term], one of whom died in childbirth, and was terrified of giving birth)
Jillian Armenante and Alice Dodd (they married in Canada, Amsterdam and California- actually, scratch that- Jillian is pregnant)
Aaron Burr and Eliza Jumel
Tom Poston and Suzanne Pleshette (though they married in their 70s)
Tony Randall and Florence Gibbs (his first wife; they were married for 54 years)
Irene “Granny” Ryan and Tim Ryan (since they had no children they left their considerable estate to dramatic scholarships)
Betty White and Allen Ludden (he had children from a previous marriage)
Howard Hughes and (his three wives) Ella Rice/Jean Peters/Terry Moore
King David and Michal (daughter of Saul)
Julius Caesar and (second wife) Pompeia and (third wife) Calpurnia
Caesar Augustus and (second wife) Livia (both had children from previous unions but none in their 40+ years together)
Claudius I and Agrippinilla (his fourth wife and niece)
Justinian and Theodora (she was arguably the most powerful woman in Roman history [if you count Byzantine history as Roman] and they were married for many years- she had illegitimate children from her years as a prostitute but little is know of them)
Brigham Young had at least 11 childless marriages
Herod the Great had several childless marriages
Clark Gable and Carole Lombard (or three of his other wives; he had an out-of-wedlock daughter with Loretta Young and a posthumously born legitimate son with his fifth wife Kay Spreckles)
Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun
Hermann Göring and Carin von Fock
Cary Grant had no children with his first three wives (including Barbara Hutton) or his fifth/final wife
Rex Harrison had no children with his last four wives
Many many more…
If fictional characters count, Arthur & Guinevere would head the list.
Göring had at least one daughter, I don’t know if she was born in wedlock or not, but she was living as of a couple of years ago.
Cary Grant and his last wife Dyan Cannon had a daughter, Jennifer.
William & Mary (King William III and Queen Mary II), joint monarchs of England and first cousins, had no children. Neither did William II, and William IV’s legitimate offspring all died in infancy.
Paris and Helen (from the Iliad)
Britney Spears and Jason Alexander.
Göring’s daughter was with his second wife, Emme Sonnemann. His first marriage is actually a beautiful and tragic love story, if you can just somehow divorce it from his founding of the concentration camps (rather like saying "he’d have a really nice body if it weren’t for that parasitic twin growing out of his chest). Dyan Cannon was Grant’s fourth wife but was one of the shortest marriages in duration; his fifth marriage to Barbara lasted much longer.
In some versions Paris and Helen had four children: Aganus, Corythus, Bunomus Idaeus.
Elizabeth Taylor had no children with four of her seven husbands. (I’m counting Burton as one she did have children with as they adopted a daughter. but I don’t believe he had much if anything to do with the child after the divorces.)
Dixie Carter and Hal Holbrook have been seemingly happily married for more than 20 years but have no children together (they both do with other spouses).
Michael Jackson and Lisa Marie Presley had no children (she had two with her previous husband and he… uh… claims to be the father of three from subsequent relationships).
Michael York has been married for almost 40 years to his wife and they have no children (though she has a son from a previous marriage- he’s producer of the second Star Wars trilogy in fact. His Austin Powers co-star Mike Myers has been married for 12 years (the character Linda “Coffee Talk” Richman is both named after and based on his mother-in-law) and has no children (by choice).
Robert Atkins and his wife never had kids.
Novelist George Eliot (pen name of Mary Ann Evans) lived for nearly thirty years with the critic and essayist George Lewes (they couldn’t marry because he was married to a woman who wouldn’t divorce him, and because he had legally condoned his wife’s affairs, he couldn’t divorce her). Lewes died when Eliot was nearly sixty and she then married a younger friend, John Cross.
Lewes and Eliot never had children (in fact, I believe Lewes had no children by his wife either, and of course Eliot was too old when she married John Cross), and I’ve always wondered why.
Eliot was in her early thirties when her relationship with Lewes began, but plenty of thirty-something women in those times had children. Was one or both of them naturally infertile? Or did they choose not to have an illegitimate child? If so, how did they avoid it? What knowledge and options did people in mid-nineteenth-century England have concerning birth control?
In fact, I extend the question to all the pre-modern childless couples mentioned in this thread. Many of them must have been infertile, but was that true for all of them? How did people in marital/heterosexual relationships manage to remain for decades “childless by choice” before the twentieth century? Just good old-fashioned abstinence?
Dorothy Parker and Alan Campbell married, divorced, and remarried, but never had any children.
I can’t speak to whether or not any of these couples were infertile, but as to pre-modern birth control: there were several methods of contraception, although they had varying degrees of effectiveness. Condoms made of sheep intestines were invented in the 1700’s, though I’m sure their sale, use, etc. were suppressed by the authorities of the times. I imagine there was some basic understanding of women’s fertility cycles at that time, so they may have practiced something akin to the modern Rhythm Method. There’s also the old stand-by’s of pulling out early, or anal sex (which, I believe, is 100% effective against pregnancy 
)
T.S. Eliot was married twice (once very unhappily and once happily) and had no children with either wife.
H.L. Mencken, who in spite of his reputation as a curmudgeon and misogynist was extremely devoted to his sickly wife (Sara Haardt) and nursed her through a long terminal illness, had no children.
George A. Custer and Libby Bacon Custer had no children.
Louis Armstrong was married several times, the last one lasting 30 years, but had no children with any of his wives.