Why 15 psi max on pressure cookers?

The air compressor is an unfired pressure vessel, while the pressure cooker is fired, it may be that that’s the difference. Vessels with a design temperature less than 210 degrees Fahrenheit are exempt.

ASME code Section VIII specifically exempts vessels having an internal or external pressure not exceeding 15 psi (100 kPa). I don’t know why 15 psi was selected rather than 16 or 20, it’s about one atmosphere of pressure, and that may be it.