Not really. If you accept that the government has a legitimate right to ensure public safety (hint: do you support the fire department? speed limits? the police?), then the government has a right to mandate, to some extent, products that pose a potential risk to public safety. Just about everyone in this country spends several hours in a car on a weekly or at least monthly basis. Cars are very large and can move very quickly. These features do make a difference on a public, statistically significant level. Furthermore, automobile manufacturers have previously demonstrated that they have little interest in including safety features if they are not government mandated. Things are improving now, in that regard, but we likely would have seen an even higher number of deaths in automobile wrecks annually than we see now, had not seatbelts been mandated back in the '60s. Things start to get trickier around occupant use of the mandated seatbelts in cars, but when it comes to the inclusion of safety features in an automobile, “personal responsibility” is a red herring - what use is responsibility if there are no safety devices to choose to make use of or to disregard? Consumers could shop for vehicles with safety devices, but that’s quite a restriction on the size of the market available to them.
I also think that it’s worth noting that personal responsibility is something that most people lack, either due to willful disregard of their personal safety or simple ignorance. If we have to mandate what manufacturers include as safety equipment to protect people from themselves, so be it - everyone makes errors in judgement, and I’d rather not see someone get killed because of a mistake made in innocence or ignorance. Sometimes people just forget. That’s a pretty stupid reason to die, too. Of course, part of the problem here is that cars are just outstandingly dangerous machines. They are incredibly heavy, even the small ones, and they move very fast. There’s simply a huge potential for damage in an automobile, and it seems utterly negligent to not require some means of ameliorating, even a little bit, some of that potential.
By the way, please don’t get me wrong - I think that personal responsibility is important, but it is NOT the holy grail of public or even personal safety. In some cases, the stakes are simply too high to rely upon it.
As to the OP, there’s a pretty simple reason that cars move so fast. It’s because of at least two things: first of all, people want them to. Second, they’re big! With a vehicle as massive as a car, powered by an internal combustion engine, you need an engine with a certain amount of power in order to accelerate it to traveling speeds in what most would consider a reasonable amount of time. This requires an engine with a fair amount of power, the kind of power that can propel a large, heavy object to speeds near to or in excess of 100 miles per hour. If cars were equipped with engines in the 30 to 50 HP range, they would top out at much lower speeds, but they would take (at least to your average motorist) an excruciatingly long time to reach even typical traveling speeds of 30-40 miles per hour. I don’t think safety is a good explanation for the acceleration and top speed capabilities of automobiles - if we had decided that all cars would have engines in the 30-50 HP range, the amount of acceleration required for safety would be much less! Anyway, this is a limit imposed, at least in part, by the way the internal combustion engine works. If you look at a human on a bicycle, traveling speeds are much lower, but a human is able to generate a lot more force (torque) per unit of power that they produce than a car, and they can do this best at 0 RPM. As a result, you can happily get your bicycle up to 15 MPH in a matter of a few seconds and cruise happily along at that speed, even though you are using a significantly lower amount of power than a car is capable of. Electric cars are a lot like this, too. There are a few on my college campus, the physical plant maintains them and uses them to get around. They top out at much lower speeds than ICE cars, but they can get up to traveling speed with no more fuss than the ICE vehicles - and unlike a human on a bicycle, they travel at roughly similar speeds off the highway. So the technology of the engine makes a big difference.
So, why aren’t cars prevented from reaching speeds in the 100 MPH range? I’m sure that I could come up with any number of explanations, but I think that what it amounts to is that people want them to be able to go that fast, and will resist attempts to slow them down. I don’t find the reasons given for this resistance to be very compelling, but I think that’s a separate matter… if I go any further, I’ll probably start injecting my personal ideology and political beliefs around cars and transportation into this discussion, and I think it’s best not to go there.