Since i work in the retail world of Wine and Spirits, I would like to clear up some things (and I am not trying to be pompous, sorry if i might come across that way)
First - Whiskey and Whisky - the different spellings are purely a “country” thing. I have been doing this 8 years now and I don’t bother with that level of minutae. They are pronounced the same way so know one knows if you are saying one and not the other.
Second - Blended - Many of the descriptions above are certainly correct, but I would like to add one more thing. No one mentioned “House Style”. The history of how bottlers (Johnie Walker, J&B, Dewars) would buy barrels from many distileries is right. After one or two centeries, people expect each bottle of CHivas Regal, or Johnie Walker Black, or Jack Daniels to taste the same as the last 30-40 bottles they drank. This is accomplished by blending…(are 10 of the barrels we are using in this batch charred to much…well lets add 10 that are chared to little to acheive a consitant taste).
Third - Single Malt - once more I want to point out, as I do at least once a day to a customer or 2, Single Malt is not intrinsicly “better” then blended Scotch. It is simply “Different”. If you are getting a gift for Uncle Bob, and all your life you have seen him drink Dewars, it might not be the best idea to trade up to a Single malt, simply becasue it is more expensive. Starting next week I will have everyones Uncle Bob coming into my store asking if he can trade is $80 single malt for 2 $40 Dewars because he likes Dewars and doesn’t want to try something different.
Fourth - Single Barrel - This is the highest priced category, but once again, it does not mean it is “Best”, simply different. A single barrel bottler (ie Lorne Mackillop) works like this. A distillery, after tasteing samples of all its barrels from a certain year, decides X barrels are ageing particularly well. To make a proffit on those bottles now (this year being to soon to release it) they offer those barrels to a Single Barrel Bottler. He decides which barrels he wants, and then buys them, thereby giving the distiller some quick profit on a product they cant sell for a few years anyway. The Bottler then but the barrel away to age (making sure each bottle is maked with the year it was distilled, and who distilled it). He will then taste it more as it ages. When he feels the barrel is best, he will bottle product from that barrel. It will be marked as his product for sale, but with the name of the distillery, year distilled, age, and any other information he may deem appropriate on the Bottle (ie “Lorne Mackillops The Glenlivet, 1973, 29 years old”…the bottle I bought for my brother for his wedding 4-5 years ago). This is one of the ways you can get scotch from distilleries that dont exist anymore as well. The reason this is done this way is to get a totally unique product to market. At the first store I worked at, once a year Lorne would visit us with some 20-30 samples of barrels he was planning to bottle that year. Each sample was stored in a glass flask (they all seemed like diffent flasks that one held a brand name in them, but has the labels washed off) with a label from an old dot-matrix printer telling you what the label on the bottle will say. The store owner, the other manager and myself woudl get ot sit there all afternoon with Lorne and taste all those sample and dicide on the 6 or 7 products we would buy. A few times we would buy the whole Barrel and we could get the words “Bottle exclusivly for X wine and spirits” each time it was something we felt was superior, but once again, that was just our opinion.