You’ve explained exactly why many workplaces are toxic so why should there be any difference whether business or education? Mrs Cad was recently forced to transfer out of her division because she wasn’t part of the clique. Oh, the division management had been saying for a year that getting rid of the cliques was important. She graduated from the division’s exclusive management classes and discussed the issue with a few of the very-higher-ups in the company, but though they said that they would deal with how she was treated, no one did. And those same higher up did not care that someone eing trained for leadership roles was being forced out. She proved numerous times how her direct supervisor lied about her performance and was told, “I have to support him. He’s the manager.” or “What are you doing so that he mistreats you. You need to do better building that professional relationship.” I won’t even start with the abuse my daughter-in-law deals with at work or how half of the schools I worked at were completely toxic. I personally think that toxic workplaces are unfortunately part of the American culture.