I can’t see what is under that big metal bell in the pump room. I assume that it is just a bell and not a tank because there seems to be an extra in the room that’s not connected to anything at all. It’s not tank shaped. It is more like a really large version of the thing that screws of the top of a compressed gas tank.
But I’ve never heard pump noises coming from it, so I’m guessing that’s not where the pump is.
We have an occasional mouse issue despite two cats. I have a very strong suspicion that this is one of their major entry points. It is screened, so we haven’t had anything bigger than that.
an above ground jet pump would be bigger than a large bread box, think maybe bigger than a 5 gal. pail.
a submersed pump or above ground jet pump either would have a pressure tank above ground somewhere (jet pumps and pressure tanks can be in well pits which is a covered hole).
if you have a submersible pump you will see within 30 yards of your house a 6" to 10" pipe sticking about 2’ out of the ground. a pump can be replaced from the top of the pipe. these pumps don’t freeze in temperate climates, they are a a depth well below the depth the ground freezes, the incoming pipe should be placed well below your usual frost depth (like maybe 6’ down).
if you see a switch, wires going outside through the basement walls, a water pipe coming in through the basement wall then you likely have a submersible pump.
if you have something bigger than a 5 gal. pail that makes lots of noise in your basement then you could have a jet pump. in a house 20 years old i would doubt a well in the basement. an ancient home with a dug or driven well could have a well in the basement. in more recent times this isn’t allowed in places because of the difficulty of replacement or repair of the well when needed.
Isn’t it just for ventilation? To let moisture out. In my mother’s house, the crawl space had a couple of vents about that size, with little sliding shutters to close them.
I’ll bet that’s it. It’s hard to believe it would make much difference given how wet that room is, but it’s not that big a deal. I’ll close it up until spring then.