English spelling is essentially arbitrary, so explanations like these don’t really fit into the big picture.
Volume (yep)
Resume (correct)
Assume
Costume
Perfume (yes, yes, and yes)
Consume (okay)
Fume (fine)
Flume
Exhume (check and check)
Plume (right again)
Vacuum??? WTF!!!
It’s a shame we don’t distinguish between gallons in a similar way. (Gallonnes?)
“Volume” doesn’t fit into the list you made there. Its second syllable begins with a consonantal y sound not accounted for by the spelling (since there is only one l).
English orthography is less arbitrary than it is an odd combination of phonetic and etymological. But (leaving aside proper names), there is generally a reason. I could have mentioned that maintain comes from the Anglo-French maintenir, itself a portmaneau of the Latin manu and tenere, which might make the spelling more clear.
Grovesner. Still don’t know how to pronounce the accursed word.
Hymnnnnnnnn What I think whenever I see the fricking word.
My most hated, despised, pisses me off word: STEPHAN! What the fuck is it? Steven? Steffan?
Stephan?
King, get your ass ready for a duel. (Putz)
OK. I’m done. Carry on.
I share your pain, although I’ve only seen it spelled Stephen (as in King).
‘spelt’ and spelled’ are horrible spellings.
I get confused with “yeah” and yea." One is a casual affirmative, pronounced ya. The other is a cheer, pronounced yay. Which is which?
yeah = [jæ], informal variation of yes
yay = [jeɪ], an exclamation of jubilation
yea = [jeɪ], a formal/archaic variation of yes
One dictionary I checked offers an alternative three-syllable pronunciation, to rhyme with ‘continuum’, so I guess you can just say it like that 
Depending on the speaker’s dialect, it can also be the case with a few other words on this list.
But then you’d have to say you were doing MAYN TAYN ence on it, and sound like a southern characature.
As do I and I’m from USA (Southern). It makes me insane when people pretend letters aren’t there, or pretend they are. Heighth makes me pathological.
I can never get Restaurant right, I even worked in them for years and my brother is a chef.
I suppose the millennium is too far back, boy was that a pet peeve.
Segue. Segway…Somewhere, it makes sense.
I don’t understand why people have such a problem with “definite”. Think finite, think infinite, think infinity.
restaurateur
I am very surprised at myself that I didn’t say this but…
Geez. I HATE it when people spell it with a G. It is supposed to be spelled with a J, it’s JEEZ.
It is a shortened version of Jesus, therefore should be spelled with a J and not a G.
Seriously? This is the first time I’ve heard that.
How do you know it’s not a hybrid of gee and jesus? Either way, you don’t have any issue with the Z, but the G bothers you? 
I hate the “er” when it should be “re” type thing.
You know, “theater”, “meter”, center etc
You silly Americans spell many things incorrectlly but your misspellings give you coloUr and humoUr
I also hate necsacary, nesescary, nessercary, neccesary or HOWEVER that word is suppossed to be spelt! I just can’t get its spelling in my head! GRRRRRR to me.
Though the opportunity to spell GEEZ very rarely comes up (it is a spoken thing more than a written thing), I always spell it as Geez, to me it has nothing to do with Jesus it’s just a term of minor exsaperation.
Both “gee” and “geez” are derived from “Jesus.”