2010 SD: Are there any words that have come to mean the exact opposite of their original meaning?
2003 SD: Words that have opposite meanings
It’s definitely worth noting that Joyce, in Finnegans Wake, not only asks OP question at a deep (and ultimately playful) level, but adopts it, answers it, and – in the spirit of OP, literally (heh) denies his own answers. The notion, almost a structural theme: the ideat termed “the coincidence of opposites” (sounds better as its usual cite: coincidentia oppositorum, brought into Christian thought, somewhat perilously, by the 15th century theologian Nicholas of Cusa, and elaborated even more perilously by Giordano Bruno.
In the Wake, etymology is epistemology, and finally etymology is denied its seeming dominion. (Note that the one Wiki cite to the Wake is unhelpful as to the import of Bruno.) As part of Joyce’s program, hundreds (?) words are concocted by homonymic self-antonyms or antonyms as literal or near near rhymes from English and across languages (i.e., written word understood “equally” in one or more other languages is an antonym–and to Joyce my (English reader) understanding-through-language has no right to invalidates theirs.
A well-known (to Joycean) near-summation of this idea–and note, the summation itself contains the reading of its own in which summary is negated–is the following, which I contribute to the thread, containing, as it does, an individual self-antonym and a pun (sound “coincidences” have a non-accidental relation to the semantic coincidences as well), all to to describe the “antonymic” postulate of Cusa, Bruno, and, although of less or no intent to Joyce, other philosophers (Unity of Opposites).
All that (plus the rest of the book’s program expressed by the creative choice of the writer) in three words:
“…The abnihilisation of the etym…”
Annihilation and its opposite, fundamental creation ex nihilo–from nothing; to boot this process is accorded to the atom, the fundamental “created thing” of the Universe (the Mona, whatever), which is either annihilated or created, but we already are put on notice that the action is equivocal, which leaves the object’s status equivocal. And we know this because the roots of language and thought about the process, its simultaneous two-facedness, is matched by the two faced nature of these objects as “merely” etymological tracings.
Etymological metaphysics of course dates from Plato and has a fine history. Joyce stepped up to the plate and explored it on its own (or his own) terms.